Practical 3: Appendicular Musculature

Trapezius

action: scapula elevation

origin: vertebrae

insertion: clavicle and scapula

trapezius

rhomboid major

action: scapula adduction

origin: vertebrae

insertion: scapula

rhomboid major

rhomboid minor

action: scapula adduction

origin: vertebrae, cervical: spinous process

insertion: scapula

rhomboid minor

levator scapulae

action: scapula elevation

origin: vertebrae

insertion: scapula

levator scapulae

serratus anterior

action: scapula protraction

origin: ribs

insertion: scapula

serratus anterior

subclavius

action: clavicle depression

origin: rib 1

insertion: clavicle

subclavius

pectoralis minor

action: scapula depression

origin: ribs

insertion: scapula

pectoralis minor

muscles that position the pectoral girdle

Trapezius - scapular movements

Levator scapula - elevates scapula

Rhomboids - adduction/downward scapular rotation

Pectoralis minor - depresses/protracts shoulder

Subclavius - depresses/protracts shoulder

deltoid

action: abduction

origin: clavicle and scapula

insertion: humerus

deltoid

Supraspinatus

action: should abduction

origin: scapula, supraspinous fossa

insertion: humerus

supraspinatus

Subscapularis

action: shoulder medial rotation

origin: scapula, subscapular fossa

insertion: humerus

subscapularius

teres major

action: shoulder medial rotation

origin: scapula

insertion: humerus

teres major

infraspinatus

action: shoulder lateral rotation

origin: scapula

insertion: humerus

infraspinatus

teres minor

action: shoulder lateral rotation

origin: scapula

insertion: humerus

teres minor

coracobrachialis

action: shoulder adduction

origin: scapula, coracoid process

insertion: humerus

Coracobrachialis

pectoralis major

action: shoulder flexion

origin: sternum, ribs

insertion: humerus

pectoralis major

latissimus dorsi

action: shoulder extension

origin: vertebrae

insertion: humerus

latissimus dorsi

muscles that move the arm

Deltoid - abduction (w/supraspinatus)

Pectoralis major - flexes shoulder joint

Latissimus dorsi - extension of shoulder joint

Teres major - inserts anterior humerus; medial rotation and extension of shoulder

Teres minor - inserts posterior humerus; lateral rotation and adduction of shoulder

Supraspinatus - lateral rotation (abduction) of shoulder Infraspinatus - lateral rotation at shoulder

triceps brachii long head

action: elbow extension

origin: scapula

insertion: ulna

triceps brachii long head

triceps brachii lateral head

action: elbow extension

origin: humerus

insertion: ulna

triceps brachii lateral head

triceps brachii medial head

action: extension of arm

origin: posterior surface of humerus

insertion: ulna

triceps brachii medial head

biceps brachii long and short head

action: elbow flexion

origin: scapula

insertion: radius

biceps brachii long head

biceps brachii short head

brachialis

action: elbow flexion

origin: humerus

insertion: ulna

brachialis

brachioradialis

action: elbow flexion

origin: humerus

insertion: radius

brachioradialis

pronator teres

action: forearm protonation

origin: humerus, ulna

insertion: radius

pronator teres

supinator

action: forearm supination

origin: humerus

insertion: radius

supinator

under brachioradialis

pronator quadratus

action: forearm pronation

origin: ulna

insertion: radius

pronator quadratus

flexor carpi radialis

action: wrist flexion

origin: humerus

insertion: metacarpals

flexor carpi radialis

facing palm of hand

palmaris longus

action: wrist flexion

origin: humerus

insertion: retinaculum

palmaris longus

facing palm of hand

flexor carpi ulnaris

action: wrist flexion

origin: humerus

insertion: carpals

flexor carpi ulnaris

facing back of hand

extensor carpi radialis longus

action: wrist extension

origin: humerus

insertion: metacarpal

extensor carpi radialis longus

extensor carpi radialis brevis

action: wrist extension

origin: humerus

insertion: metacarpal

extensor carpi radialis brevis

extensor carpi ulnaris

action: wrist extension

origin: humerus

insertion: metacarpal

extensor carpi ulnaris

facing back of hand

flexor digitorium superficialis

action: finger flexion

origin: humerus, ulna

insertion: fingers/digits

flexor digitorium superficialis

underneath arm muscles, facing palm

flexor pollicis longus

action: thumb flexion

origin: radius

insertion: thumb

flexor pollicis longus

underneath arm muscles, facing palm

extensor digitorum

action: finger extension

origin: humerus

insertion: digits/fingers

extensor digitorum

facing back of hand

extensor pollicis longus

action: thumb extension

origin: ulna

insertion: digit 1, thumb

extensor pollicis longus

(shown in darker red in photo)

extensor pollicis brevis

action: thumb extension

origin: radius

insertion: digit 1, thumb

extensor pollicis brevis

(lighter color red in photo)

abductor digitorium

action: finger flexion and extension

origin: pisiform bone

insertion: digit 5

abductor digitorium

muscles that move the forearm and hand

Forearm flexors:

– Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis

• Forearm extensors:

– Triceps brachii

• Forearm pronators/supinators:

– Pronator teres, pronator quadratus, supinator

muscles that move the hand

• Wrist flexion:

– Flexor carpi ulnaris

– Flexor carpi radialis– Palmaris longus

• Wrist extension:

– Extensor carpi radialis longus

– Extensor carpi radialis brevis

– Extensor carpi ulnaris

Muscles that Move Fingers

• Most of these muscles originate in the forearm and insert upon phalanges

• Digit flexion:

– Flexor digitorium superficialis/profundus

– Flexor pollicullus brevis and longus

• Digit extension:

– Extensor digitorium

– Extensor polliculus brevis/longus

Gluteus maximus

action: hip abduction

origin: ilium

insertion: femur

gluteus maximus

gluteus medius

action: hip abduction

origin: ilium

insertion: femur

gluteus medius

under gluteus maximus

gluteus minimus

action: hip abduction

origin: ilium

insertion: femur

gluteus minimus

under gluteus medius (and maximus)

tensor fasciae latae

action: hip abduction

origin: ilium

insertion: IT band

tensor fasciae latae

Obturator externus

action: hip lateral rotation

origin: os coxae, obturator foramen

insertion: femur

obturator externus

obturator internus

action: hip lateral rotation

origin: os coxae, obturator foramen

insertion: femur

obturator internus

facing posterior

adductor magnus

action: hip adduction

origin: pubis

insertion: femur

adductor magnus

posterior view of leg

adductor brevis

action: hip adduction

origin: pubis

insertion: femur

adductor brevis

adductor longus

action: hip adduction

origin: pubis

insertion: femur

adductor longus

Pectineus

action: hip adduction

origin: pubis

insertion: femur

Pectineus

facing anterior

Gracilis

action: hip adduction

origin: pubis

insertion: tibia