Hsitory Unit 4

Who made the Cotton gin?

Eli Whitney

What des cotton gin stand for

cotten engine

Cotten gin

• Have a lot of cotton but it takes a while to process

  • Cause of the sticky seed

Henry Clay (the goat)

• Congressmen from Kentucky

• Kentucky is kind of in the middle of all

Missouri Compromise

 The compromise that was made when Missouri applied to be entered into the union as a slave state, even though they were in the northwest area

Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Addams

Two people who predicted the dividing of the country

• How did the cotton gin transform American slavery?

• It made cotton profitable, which made slavery economical. Therefore slavery stays.

How did the Constitution ensure that expansion and slavery would be discussed in Congress?

No slavery will be in the northwest territories

Why did Missouri's application to join the union cause so much controversy?

It’s in the north and west ish area. West of the Mississippi. It shows slavery moving. South gets more representatives in government. 

Who was Henry Clay and why is he known as the Great Compromiser?

A Kentucky congressman who made several compromises, including the Missouri compromise

3 parts of Missouri compromise?

• Missouri will come in as a slave state

• Main will break away from Massachusetts and become a free state

• A latitude line for the future

  • 36 deg 30 minutes

    • North of the line is free

    • South of the line is slave

What were the reactions of John Quincy Adams and Thomas Jefferson to the Missouri question?

• Both agree that it is a temporary solution but will not last. The problem will arise again, possibly worse. 

• Slavery could be the issue that tears the union apart

What themes emerged from the Hudson River School of Art in the 1820s?

• All about looking west

• The land is good

  • Calling west

• West represents happiness, hope, new, renewal, etc.

Second Great Awakening

• Return to the Bible and return to the basics of Christianity

• Come back to religion in the hopes of cleaning up the country

Charles G. Finney

• Father of modern revivalism 

• Was one of the first presidents of Oberlin College

Reform Movements

• Slavery

• Drinking

• Gambling

• Domestic Abuse

• Prostitution

William Lloyd Garrison

• Most famous white non-violent abolitionist 

• Founded American anti-slavery society

Immediate Abolition

Immediate freedom/release

The Liberator

Most influential newspaper pre-civil war

Nat Turner

Slave preacher who led the most successful slave revolt in American history

• American Anti-Slavery Society

• Society that takes direct action

• Founded by garrison

how were Petitions/mail used

Used to influence congress

Mail abolitionist propaganda to the south 

Gag Rule

No talking about slavery in Congress

Frederick Douglass

• Influential ex-slave who worked with abolition 

• Part of the women's rights convention

• !!Helped write the declaration of sentiments!!

Oberlin College

• Formed as a training ground for Western abolitionists 

  • More midwest than west 

  • Very progressive and liberal

  • Women were allowed to attend (co-ed) 

  • People of color were allowed to attend

Lucretia Mott

Quaker woman who was an activist

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Organized women's right convention

Seneca Falls

Where the first women's rights convention was held

"Declaration of Sentiments"

• Came out of the rights convention 

• Starts with “when in the course of human events”

  • Same as declaration of independence

• “We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men and women are created equal”

• Long list of grievances against men

Why did Charles Finney initiate the Second Great Awakening?

• He was worried about the second coming of Jesus. That he would judge and send them all to hell

How were reform efforts linked to the Second Great Awakening and what roles did women play?

• Men are idiots

  • They are sinful and bringing down the country

  • So he wanted women to come to the meeting and reattach to their faith and need to help clean up the country

How did William Lloyd Garrison’s work mark a new direction for the abolition movement?

• Non-violence 

• Immediate unconditional abolition 

• Published a newspaper that promoted abolition

  • The Liberator 

  • Most influential prior to the Civil War

How was his message received?

• Many objected

• Considered radical

• Put the south on the edge

• Had many enemies in the North and South

Who was Nat Turner?

• Learned to read and write

  • So read the bible 

    • Certain parts say freedom is good and slavery is bad

What role did Frederick Douglass play in the abolition movement?

• He was a slave in Maryland, was taught by a family in Baltimore he was rented to

• Started reading the paper and educating himself about what was happening

• Forged a pass for himself, got on a train, and left for the south 

• Went to an anti-slavery meeting in Nantucket 

• With garrison for anti-slavery tour

How did the American Anti-Slavery Society hope to achieve its goals?

• Direct action

• Influence congress

• Appeal to conscience and religious morals

• Encouraging religious, intellectual, and moral improvement 

• Non-violent 

• Flooded Congress with petition to abolish slavery

• What roles did Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton play in the early women’s rights movement?

• Organized by Elizabeth Cady Santon

• Lucretia Mott was a Quaker woman who doesn’t wear cotton because it comes from slavery

Why was the Seneca Falls Convention a landmark moment in the push for women’s rights?

• Right for vote

• First day was just women then men and others on the second day 

• Declaration of Sentiments

Why was the decision in the Amistad case surprising?

• Enslaved people seized the ship(it was a slave ship)

• US navy intercepted

• Supreme Court ruled that they were illegally obtained

  • Were to be set free and allowed to return to Africa if they wanted

What was Boston's connection to slavery?

• Textile mills

  • Take southern cotton and turning into cloth

Shipbuilding

• Transport slaves

• Transport products slaves make

• Tariff of 1828/Abominations

• Taxed imports from England 

• Made northern manufactured goods more appealing

  • Because it’s cheaper

• Created revenue for the federal govt. For reads bridges and garbos in the north

• South gets nothing

  • So they are unhappy 

  • If we put a tariff on British goods they are going to put a tariff on our things

• Basically started a trade war

Tariff

• Tax on freight or cargo

  • Imported

• Generated revenue

• Makes people want to buy American products

• John C. Calhoun

• Vice President Elect

• “Wrote the South Carolina Exposition and Protest”

  • Basically complaining about the terrriff

Webster-Hayne Debate

• Two sides debated if the law is good or bad

• Whether a state can nullify the law

Tariff of 1832

• Reviewed tariff from 1828

• Didn’t make it much better

South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification

Saying nullify or they will succeed

Secession

• Leave the union 

• Break away or separate

President Andrew Jackson’s “Proclamation”

His response written to south Carolina. Linkon probably referenced it when he became preside

Compromise Tariff of 1833

Have tariff for 10 years then its done.

Why did South Carolina take exception to the Tatiff of 1828?

• It caused a trade war with England, causing them to no longer trade with them

• England didn’t buy/trade cotton and things with England

How did John C. Calhoun respond and why was his response problematic for the incoming president

• Not well, Wrote the South Carolina exposition and protest complaining 

• President says to deal with it, he isn’t being listened to

What did the nation think of SC’s actions in the period?

• It is the law, deal with it 

• SC is being obnoxious

What was the concept of nullification and how legal or viable was it?

Cancel or not follow the house rules