MT Chapter 16: Oncology

Oncology is the study and treatment of…

new, abnormal tissue known as neoplasms. Typically, it refers to cancer, the disease characterized by uncontrolled cell division that leads to abnormal cells.

Cancer is a…

leading public health issue worldwide.

Among men, the most common type of cancer is _____ (26%).

prostate

Among women, the most common cancer is _____ (29%).

breast

ablat/o

to take away

bi/o

life

cancer/o, carcin/o

cancer

chem/o

chemical, drug

cry/o

cold

cyt/o

cell

kary/o

nucleus

lapar/o

abdomen

leuk/o

white

melan/o

black, dark

onc/o

tumor

path/o

disease

plas/o

growth, formation

radi/o

x-rays, radiation

rhabd/o

striated muscle

sarc/o

muscle, flesh

squam/o

scale-like structure

chondro-

cartilage

dys-

painful, difficult, abnormal

intra-

within

leio-

smooth

mal-

bad, poor

meta-

change, beyond

neo-

new

para-

beside

trans-

across, through

-gen

origin, production

-genic

originating, producing

-oma

tumor or neoplasm

-scopy

viewing, examining, or observing with an instrument

benign

nonmalignant form of a neoplasm

cancer (CA)

general term for a group of diseases characterized by an abnormal, uncontrolled growth of cells

cancerous

pertaining to cancer

carcinogen

any cancer-causing substance of organism

differentiation

acquiring characteristics or functions different from that of the original cell

dysplasia

abnormal growth of tissue

in situ

in the original place or site without any expansion or spread

invasion

the direct migration and penetration of cancerous cells into neighboring tissues

lesion

a pathologic change in tissue resulting from disease or injury

malignant

tumor that invades surrounding tissue and may spread to other body parts; cancerous

metastasis

spread of disease from one part of the body to another

oncogenes

mutated forms of genes that cause normal cells to grow out of control and become cancer cells

oncogenic

causing and being suitable for the development of a tumor

recurrence

the return of cancer or disease

remission

lessening in severity of disease symptoms, the period of time when a cancer is responding to treatment or is under control

TNM staging

abbreviation for cancer classification based on characteristics of the tumors, nodal involvement, and extent of metastasis

tumor staging

the extent of spread of a cancer from its original site

adenocarcinoma

malignant neoplasm composed of glandular tissue

adenoma

benign neoplasm composed of glandular tissue

carcinoma (CA)

malignant neoplasm derived from epithelial tissue, chiefly glandular (adenocarcinoma) or squamous (squamous cell carcinoma)

fibroma

benign neoplasm of fibrous connective tissue

fibrosarcoma

malignant neoplasm of deep fibrous tissue

lipoma

benign neoplasm of adipose (fat) tissue

liposarcoma

malignant neoplasm of adipose (fat) tissue

malignant neoplasm

tumor that invades surrounding tissue and is usually capable of metastasizing; can be located in any organ or tissue in the body

melanoma

tumor characterized by a dark appearance; most commonly occurs in the skin or in the eye

neoplasm/ tumor

abnormal growth of new tissue into a mass; can be benign or malignant

neuroma

tumor derived from nervous tissue

myeloma

tumor composed of cells derived from bone marrow

sarcoma

malignant neoplasm of connective tissue or nonepithelial tissue

basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

a cancer that begins in the lowest layer of the epidermis of the skin

Kaposi sarcoma

cancer of the skin and sometimes lymph codes that causes purplish-red patches on the skin; most commonly seen in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

melanoma

a cancer that begins in the squamous cells located in the upper levels of the epidermis of the skin

chondroma

a common benign tumor arising from cartilage cells

chondrosarcoma

a large malignant tumor arising from cartilage cells

Ewing tumor/ Ewing sarcoma

a malignant tumor found in bone or soft tissue

giant cell tumor

a tumor of the tendon sheath that can be either benign or malignant

leimyoma

benign tumor of smooth (nonstriated) muscle

leiomyosarcoma

malignant tumor of smooth (nonstriated) muscle