Developmental Psychology Flashcards

These flashcards cover developmental psychology concepts, including stages of moral, psychosexual, cognitive development, attachment styles, language development, and identity statuses.

What are the three levels of Lawrence Kohlberg's stage theory of moral development?

Preconventional, Conventional, and Postconventional.

What is the focus of the preconventional level in Kohlberg's theory?

Children think about right and wrong based on punishment and rewards.

What is the first stage of Kohlberg's moral development?

Obedience and punishment orientation.

In Kohlberg's theory, what does the 'good boy/good girl' orientation emphasize?

Children want to please others.

What is the significance of the social contract stage in Kohlberg's theory?

Laws are seen as agreements that can change for fairness.

Describe Freud's oral stage of psychosexual development.

Focuses on the mouth, with sucking and biting; occurs from birth to 1 year.

What is the Oedipus complex associated with in Freud's theory?

It occurs during the phallic stage (3 to 6 years) and involves identifying with the same-sex parent.

What is the primary characteristic of Piaget's sensorimotor stage?

Learning through senses and actions with the development of object permanence.

At what ages does the preoperational stage occur according to Piaget?

From 2 to 7 years.

What is the focus of Erik Erikson's first stage of psychosocial development?

Trust versus mistrust, from birth to 1 year.

What is the key outcome of Ainsworth's Strange Situation?

Establishing different attachment styles between infants and caregivers.

What are the three main attachment styles identified by Ainsworth?

Secure attachment, insecure-avoidant attachment, and insecure-resistant attachment.

Define short-term memory.

Holds information for only a few seconds or minutes and has limited capacity.

What is the difference between explicit and implicit memory?

Explicit memory is conscious recall of facts/events, while implicit memory involves unconscious skills and habits.

What does 'shaken baby syndrome' refer to?

Brain injury resulting from a baby being violently shaken.

List two common signs of Shaken Baby Syndrome.

Difficulty breathing and vomiting.

What is the first stage of language development in children?

Cooing, where infants make vowel-like sounds.

What is scaffolding in Vygotsky's theory?

Support given by adults to help children learn.

What is the difference between Theory-Theory and Theory of Mind?

Theory-Theory involves children forming ideas like little scientists, while Theory of Mind is understanding that others have different thoughts and feelings.

In Kohlberg's stage theory, what is the foundation of conventional morality?

Morality based on social approval and law.

What does Gardner's intelligence category of interpersonal refer to?

The ability to understand and interact effectively with others.

Define bullying.

Repeatedly hurting, threatening, or making fun of another person.

What are symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Difficulty making eye contact, delayed speech, repetitive movements.

What is the importance of early intervention in Autism Spectrum Disorder?

It helps children build skills and independence.

How does middle childhood affect physical growth?

Children grow steadily, gaining about 1–2 inches per year and losing baby teeth.

What are Marcia's four identity statuses?

Identity diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, and identity achievement.

What are common warning signs for suicidal behavior in adolescents?

Talking about death, withdrawing from friends, giving away belongings.