Column 1

Urban League

Helped poorer African Americans find work and provided relief efforts.

Progressives as "crusaders"

Muckrakers compared to crusaders in pursuit of their causes.

California laws and Japanese immigrant farmers

Laws restricted Japanese immigrants' right to own land.

Upton Sinclair and The Jungle

Exposed poor working conditions in the meatpacking industry.

National Woman’s Party strategy

Picketing outside the White House for women's suffrage.

Spanish-American War aftermath

Cuba became independent, Puerto Rico under U.S. control.

Theodore Roosevelt in 1912

Ran as the Progressive Party candidate.

Year 1898 turning point

U.S. gained new territories, became an imperial power.

Women’s Christian Temperance Union

Sought a ban on alcohol.

President Theodore Roosevelt's belief

Forests should be conserved for public use.

Hawaii's history

American planters overthrew Queen Liliuokalani last.

Referendum

Political reform allowing voters to approve or reject laws.

Bessemer process

Crucial in the development of skyscrapers in the late 1800s.

Children working in factories

Some not required to attend schools.

Knights of Labor

Formed for broad social reform for workers.

Labor movement after late 1800s strikes

Employers often went to court to stop union actions.

"New" immigrants vs

"New" immigrants often from southern and eastern Europe.

Angel Island immigrants

Most from China.

Large cities and crime in late 1800s

Many uniformed police officers patrolled neighborhoods.

John Wanamaker

Changed consumer culture by opening the first department store.

Sherman Antitrust Act

Combated the creation of organizations running multiple corporations.

Mary Harris Jones

Influential immigrant in union rights in the 1800s.

Urban growth reasons

Many factory jobs near transportation routes.

Electric streetcars

Improved city life being quiet and clean.

Southern industry development

Slower due to lack of capital.

Immigration factors

"Push" factors included political instability, religious persecution, and economic hardship. "Pull" factors included job opportunities and freedom.

Chinese Exclusion Act impact

Led to labor shortages and increased labor costs in the 1880s.

Single-crop ranches

Faced difficulty maintaining production levels and profitability.