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mass

amount of matter in an object

volume

the space in an object

density

mass-to-volume ratio in an object

aqueous

a mixture where substance dissolves in water

prrecipitate

A solid that forms when two solutions are mixed and a chemical reaction produces a compound that does not dissolve in the liquid.

decomposition

ab = a+b

precipitation

AB(aq) + CD(aq) → AD(s) + CB(aq)

neutralisation

Acid + Base → Salt + Water

acid-metal

Acid + Metal → Salt + H2

Acid-Carbonate

Acid + Carbonate → Salt + Water + CO2

Complete combustion

A + BC → AC + B

Incomplete conbustion

O2 → CO2 + H2O + C

Corrosion

Glucose + Oxygen → CO2 + Water

Respiration

CO2 + Water → Glucose + Oxygen

Ozone layer

A region of the Earth's stratosphere (the second layer of the atmosphere), about 10 to 50 km above the Earth’s surface. It contains a high concentration of ozone (O₃) molecules.

Ozone

three oxygen bonded together

atmosphere

The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Eart

biosphere

The global sum of all ecosystems, containing all living organisms on Earth.

hole in ozone layer

The hole in the ozone layer refers to the thinning/depletion of the ozone layer, particularly above the Antarctic

CFCs

CFCs are stable compounds that, when released into the atmosphere, rise to the stratosphere. Their UV radiation from the sun breaks them down releasing chlorine atoms

TSMTE

Troposphere	0-12	Closest to Earth’s surface  Weather occurs here (clouds rain, storms
Stratosphere	12-50	Contains the Ozone Layer Where planes usually fly
Mesosphere	50-85	Coldest layer Meteors burn up here
Thermosphere	85-600	Temperature increases greatly (can reach 2,500°C+) Auroras happen here ISS (International Space Station) orbits here along with most satellites
Exosphere	600+	Outermost layer Very thin (blends into space) Mainly hydrogen and helium atoms

How humans have contributed to the increase in concentration carbon dioxide

Burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas. 70% of Australia’s electricity is produced by burning coal

How humans have contributed to the increase in concentration methane

Farming cattle (which produce methane when they digest grass) and growing rice in paddies.Increased temperatures lead to the melting of permafrost in the Arctic

How humans have contributed to the increase in concentration nitrous oxide

using fertilisers

How humans have contributed to the increase in concentration water vapour

As the concentrations of other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increase due to human activity, more heat is trapped, which increases water vapour concentrations (increased humidity)