ENTRUSCAN & ROMAN - HISTORY 3

Concrete

A Roman innovation that made structures lighter than stone, this building material consisted of volcanic ash (Pozzolana), lime, and water to create a mortar, which was then mixed with aggregate, often chunks of rock, to form Ancient Roman ________.

Bust

A sculpted representation of the upper body, symbolizing an emperor's authority across his land.

Tuscan Order

It is a simple, unfluted column from the Etruscan period. Its design includes an unadorned entablature and a pedestal. It is similar to a Doric column without fluting.

Necropolis

This name refers to the city of the Dead.

Capitoline Wolf

It is a bronze sculpture that shows a shewolf who nursed 2 brothers who grew up to be the founders of Rome.

Additive and Subtractive

2 types of sculpture

subtractive

It is a Roman sculpture technique that involves carving material to form a shape.

additive

It is a sculpture technique that assembles materials and adds to them to create a 3D artwork.

Sacrcophagi

It is a monumental or sculptural piece depicting women to be seen as equals.

Fresco Technique

A mural painting technique that involves applying water-based paint to wet plaster.

Equestrian Monument

It is a statue of a person mounted on a horse.

Equestrian Monument of Marc Anthony

What sculpture depicts a well-known Roman ruler on horseback, with outstretched hands showing a commanding gesture and known for his eloquence?

Mosaic

What Greek floor treatment technique used small square pieces like stones, glass, and gilded tesserae set in mortar and ground smooth to create images?

Triumphal Arch

It is a structure that commemorates victories, wherein the general would pass the middle arch and minor troupes pass the side arches.

Column victory: Trajan's Column

It is a column with reliefs depicting a battle.

Arch

What is a curved structure for spanning an opening, designed to support a vertical load primarily by axial compression?

Impost

A projecting block atop a column or embedded in a wall, serving as the base for the springer or lowest voussoir of an arch.

Vault

What do you call an arched structure made of stone, brick, or reinforced concrete that forms a ceiling or roof over a hall, room, or enclosed space?

Barrel vault, groin vault, rib vault, fan vault

4 types of vaults

barrel vault

What kind of vault forms a half-cylinder?

Abutment

What do you call the supports of the barrel vault?

Groin Vault

What kind of vault forms a cross-like pattern where the vaults meet?

Rib vault

What type of vault features marked ribs at the intersection of barrels and includes both transverse and longitudinal ridge ribs?

Fan vault

What type of vault is made up of concave conoidal sections—usually four—springing from the corners of a vaulting compartment, with ribs radiating from the springing point like a fan?

Dome

What is a rounded roof vault with a series of arches rotating 360 degrees, resembling a half-sphere?

Pantheon, equal

It is a temple dedicated to planetary gods. Diameter of of the floor plan is _______ to the height of dome. (2 answers)

Oculus, Coffered ceiling, Rotunda, Portico

What interior design elements can be seen inside the Pantheon?

Vitrivius

What is an established of standardized Greek orders for Architecture.

1/6 smaller

Shaft is _______ smaller in diameter than the top base.

Tuscan, Composite

What are the two Roman Orders?

Composite Order

What Roman order has the combination of Ionic and Corinthian orders of Greek architecture?

Ara Pacis

What is a marble monument in Rome that celebrates Augustus's return from Gaul and Hispania

Flavian Amphitheater

What is the formal name of the Coliseum that housed Roman games?

Flat Composites, Corinthian, Ionic, and Tuscan

What are the 4 columns used in the Roman Coliseum?

Forum

What is a Roman public meeting place, a counterpart of Greek's Agora?

Temple

What is a place to worship in the Roman period with stairs leading up to a rectilinear structure?

Podium

What do you call the raised platform on which a temple was built?

Cella

What is the main room of a temple where the god is housed?

Domus

What do you call a middle class Roman house?

Insulae

What do you call a Roman structure used for shops and apartments?

Villa

What do you call a upper class Roman house?

Amphitheatre

What structure is large, circular or oval, open-air venues with tiered seating — built by the ancient Romans?

Aqueducts

What bridge-like stone structures that carry water from the hills into Roman cities?

Thermae

What Roman structure used for public baths?

Circus

What structure known as a hippodrome, used for chariot races?

Basilica

What do you call a building used for Roman law court?

Atrium

What do you call the central, open-roofed space in a Roman house?

Cubicula

What is a Roman private room in a domus?

Peristyle / Tetrastoon

What do you call a continuous porch formed by a row of columns that surrounds the perimeter of a building or courtyard?

Cella and Porch

Parts of A Roman Temple