AP Psychology- Chapter 11: Intelligence

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29 Terms

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intelligence

mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

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factor analysis

a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one's total score

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general intelligence (g)

a general intelligence factor that according to Spearman and others underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test

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savant syndrome

a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing

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analytical (academic problem-solving) intelligence

according to Sternberg, a type of intelligence that is assessed by intelligence tests, which present well-defined problems having a single right answer

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creative intelligence

according to Sternberg, a type of intelligence that is demonstrated in reacting adaptively to novel situations and generating novel ideas

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practical intelligence

according to Sternberg, a type of intelligence that is often required for everyday tasks, which are frequently ill-defined, with multiple solutions

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Spearman's general intelligence (g)

intelligence theory that a basic intelligence predicts our abilities in varied academic subjects

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Thurstone's primary mental abilities

intelligence theory that our intelligence may be broken down into 7 factors: word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, and memory

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Gardner's multiple intelligences

intelligence theory that our abilities are best classified into 8 independent intelligences, which include a broad range of skills beyond traditional school smarts

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Sternberg's triarchic

intelligence theory that our intelligence is best classified into 3 areas that predict our real-world success: analytical, creative, and practical

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emotional intelligence

the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

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intelligence test

a method of assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores

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mental age

a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance

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Stanford-Binet

the widely used American revision of Binet's original intelligence test

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intelligence quotient (IQ)

defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100; on contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100

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aptitude test

a test designed to predict a person's future performance

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achievement test

a test designed to assess what a person has learned

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WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale)

the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance subtests

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standardization

defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested standardization group

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normal curve

the symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes

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reliability

the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting

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validity

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

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content validity

the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest (such as a driving test that samples driving tasks)

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criterion

the behavior (such as future college grades) that a test (such as the SAT) is designed to predict; thus the measure used in defining whether the test has predictive validity

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predictive validity

the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and criterion behavior

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mental retardation

a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound

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Down syndrome

a condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one's genetic makeup

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stereotype threat

a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype