Meiosis I and Meiosis II Notes

During DNA replication, the process of ____________ unwinds the double helix.

helicase

The ____________ is the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined together.

centromere

The number of chromosomes in a typical human somatic cell is ____________ (2n).

46

Gametes are ____________, meaning they contain only one version of each chromosome (n).

haploid

A key function of meiosis is to reduce the number of ____________ in half.

chromosomes

The event called ____________ occurs during prophase I, where homologous chromosomes pair up.

synapsis

The exchange of genetic material during meiosis is referred to as _____________.

crossing over

During metaphase I, tetrads line up at the _____________.

metaphase plate

In anaphase I, each tetrad is pulled apart into two ____________ chromosomes.

replicated

During telophase I, no ____________ occurs before meiosis II.

DNA replication

Meiosis II is similar to ____________, but the cells begin as haploid.

mitosis

The process by which cells undergo programmed cell death is called _____________.

apoptosis

____________ are small protein tags added to unneeded proteins to mark them for destruction.

Ubiquitins

Proteasomes are responsible for degrading ____________ tagged proteins.

ubiquitin

Telomeres protect the ends of ____________ and shorten with each cell division.

chromosomes

The enzyme ____________ lengthens telomeres and is often found in cancer cells.

telomerase

The two main functions of meiosis are reduction of chromosome number and introduction of _____________.

genetic diversity

In ____________, homologous chromosomes separate while sister chromatids remain together.

anaphase I

Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces ____________ cells with half the number of chromosomes.

haploid

Meiosis I involves the separation of ____________ chromosomes, while mitosis involves the separation of sister chromatids.

homologous

During meiosis I, crossing over occurs, introducing genetic ____________, which is not a feature of mitosis.

variation

Meiosis II is similar to ____________ as it separates sister chromatids, but starts with haploid cells.

mitosis

Meiosis contributes to genetic variation through ____________, where homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA.

crossing over

Unlike apoptosis, ____________ is the process where cells degrade their own components for recycling or removal.

autophagy

Both autophagy and apoptosis are forms of cell regulation, but apoptosis is a form of ____________ cell death, while autophagy is a survival mechanism.

programmed