Lecture 10 MICRO EXAM 3

What are normal microbiota?

Microbes that colonize the human body without causing disease

How do we identify microbes that cannot be cultured in the lab?

Through metagenomics and 16S, rRNA gene sequencing

How do babies acquire their microbiota?

through birth, breastfeeding, daily exposure

Which body sites have normal microbiota?

GI tract, oral cavity, urge tail tract, respiratory track

What is microbial antagonism?

When normal cicrobiota prevent pathogens from establishing

What is a primary pathogen?

A microbe that causes disease in healthy individuals

What is an opportunistic pathogen?

a microbe that causes disease when the opportunity arrise

What is an endogenous infection?

An infection cause by microbes already present in the body

What is a exogenous infection?

An infection caused by microbes that enter from the outside

What is pathogenicity?

Tha bility of of a microbe to cause disease

What is virulence?

the degree of pathogenicity

What is a virulence factor?

A trade that helps a. Microbe cause disease

What is infectious dose

Nukber of microbes needed to infection

What helps microbes avoid destruction by phagocytes

capsules and leakotoxins

What is direct damage to the host?

damage by microbial enzymes or toxins?

What is indirect damage to the host?

Damage cause by the hosts immune system response

What is an exotoxin?

A toxin secreted by microbes that directly damage host cells

What is an endotoxin?

A toxic LPS shed from gram negative bacteria causing inflammation.