Separation of ternary mixtures

what is separation

isolating or purifying components of a mixture based on differences in physical or chemical properties

sieving?

separating particles of different sizes by allowing the smaller particles to fall through holes in a container

techniques of separation

decanting, filtration, crystallization, liquid extraction, distillation, chromatography, sublimation, centrifugation

decanting

Pouring liquid off the top when sediment has settled to the bottom of the container

decanting is based on...

differences in the states of matter

filtration

the process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture

suction filtration

process of isolating pure solid from liquid (filtrate) using vacuum

water aspirator

For creating suction through water pressure

crysallization based on

differences in the solubilities of the particles in the solution

crystallization

the formation of pure solid particles of a substance from a solution containing the dissolved substance by allowing it to cool; removes impurities

liquid extraction

Two immiscible liquid phases, solute transferred between phases

liquid extraction is based on

differences in solubilities and polarities of a compound to be separated

top layer in extractions

has a lower density

bottom layer in extractions

has a larger density

distillation is based on

differences in boiling points

distillation

a liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is then condensed into a liquid

types of chromatography

thin-layer chromatography (TLC), paper, and column

How does chromatography work?

A mixture is separated by being passed over a matrix that adsorbs different compounds with different affinities based on polarity and solubiility

sublimation in separation

separates two solids when one sublimates and is then condensed and solidified

thin layer chromatography

a separation technique that involves the separation of small molecules as they move through a silica gel

centrifugation

Separates components by density and mass using high-speed spinning

substances used in this experiment

benzhydrol/benzoic acid, salt (NaCl), and sand

benzhydrol

also known as diphenylmethanol

benzoic acid MP/BP

122C/250C

benzhydrol BP/MP

298C/69C