Public Speaking

What is necessary for a group to exist?

A common goal, independent members, shared rules of behavior

Demonstrating something to people that don't know about it is called

power to

"Before we choose the best MC for the event, I think we should decide what qualities make a good MC." This is an example of

procedural communication

Communication that initiates ideas, seeks information, and evaluates ideas is called

task

Most researchers agree that the ideal small group has \____
members.

5 to 7

When group members are energized by working together they are experiencing:

Cohesion

T or F: Centralized interaction is usually more satisfying than decentralized interaction patterns.

False

T or F: Group work tends to require more time and yield more creativity than individual work.

True

T or F: Groupthink is an undesirable side effect that sometimes accompanies group cohesion.

True

T or F: Groupthink is an undesirable side effect that sometimes accompanies group cohesion.

True

What did Psychologist Danial Goleman find is more important than standard IQ tests
in identifying effective leaders?

emotional and intelligence

Collectivist cultures tend to rely on an indirect, undetailed communication style called

High context

Members of feminine social communities tend to form relationships centered around

talking about feelings and daily life

Recognizing that cultures vary in how they think, act, behave, and believe is a sign of

Cultural relativism

The tendency to think one's own culture is superior to others is called

Ethnocentrism

When we borrow from other cultures, this illustrates

Diffusion

T or F: Geographic boundaries define cultures.

False

T or F: Multiple social communities may coexist within a single culture.

True

T or F: Individualistic cultures value harmony, group welfare, and interdependence.

False

T or F: In cultures where power distance is small, people tend to assume that those in power have earned it, rather than simply by virtue of being in powerful families.

True

T or F: Understanding another culture is the final step in the six responses to diversity.

False

From what country does this proverb originate? "No need to know the person, only
the family."

China

Communication is defined as

a systematic process that uses symbols to create and interpret meaning

If someone tells you to "Get lost!', the content level of meaning in that statement is

that you should go away

What do most Americans and counselors say is the key reason that marriages fail?

Communication problems

The most accurate model of communication, according to the textbook authors, is:

transactional

The most impersonal kind of communication occurs when:

we ignore another and treat him/her as an object

If you are thinking about a sick family member back home and fail to hear the instructor's assignment instructions, this is an example of:

communication noise

United States demographic trends this century show that

Non-Hispanic whites will no longer be in the majority by 2050

If we understand that Mei-Ling hesitates to argue for her ideas because in her country to do so would be impolite, this illustrates

intercultural communication

Because symbols are abstract, they allow us to:

lift experiences and ourselves out of the present , reflect on past experiences and imagine future ones, share experiences with each other

Careers in communication commonly include all of the following except

accounting and engineering

If Darya is sitting in the student center talking to a professor, she is engaged in what type of communication?

interpersonal communication

Which of the following is NOT a critical thinking skill?

substituting inferences for facts

How many preventable deaths per year did the textbook say have been traced to poor communication among doctors, nurses and other health workers?

98K

T or F: Schemata are mental organizing structures such as prototypes, stereotypes
and scripts.

True

T or F: People who are more cognitively complex tend to be more person-centered
than those who are not so cognitively complex.

True

T or F: Each person's perceptions are objeclive and should not be checked with other
people.

False

T or F: The self-serving bias can distort our perceptions and lead us to take excessive
credit for what we do well, while dismissing what we do poorly.

True

T or F: Children and adults have the same cognitive complexities.

False

T or F: Our perceptions are influenced by our physical state, beliefs, and social roles.

True

T or F: The textbook recommends mind-reading as a useful aid to accurate
perception.

False

T or F: In the "I'm Right; You're Wrong" box, an experiment found that Israelis
preferred a peace proposal that was actually written by Palestinians over one written by Israelis.

True

One of the dimensions of attributions is responsibility. What are two of the other
dimensions?

Specificity and stability

When people act in ways consistent with what they have learned to expect of themselves, this phenomenon is called

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Using tentative language can help us avoid mistaking for facts.

Inferences

In the cartoon used to illustrate differences in perception, what object were
the father and son looking at?

Icicles

The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution guarantees freedom of

religion, speech and the press

Public speaking, according to our textbook author, can also be thought of as

enlarged conversation

A mind map is a visual tool useful for

narrowing a topic through free association

The thesis statement for a speech should be written

after deciding on the specific purpose for the speech

Many people watching the memorial service for Paul Wellstone, a Minnesota senator
who was killed in a plane crash, were offended because

the service turned into a political rally for a candidate to replace Wellstone

One guideline for picking a speech topic is that it should matter to you. What is one other?

It should be of interest to your audience

What are the three general purposes of speaking?

Informative, persuasive, and entertaining.

List two demographic characteristics of an audience.

Age and religion

In a situational audience analysis, a speaker should consider the listeners' orientation toward three things. What are two of them?

The speaker, topic, and occasion.

The difference between hearing and listening is

hearing is a physiological activity while listening is a complex mental process

The Chinese character for listening includes

ears, eyes, and heart

About what percentage of message content that we hear do we recall eight hours later?

35%

External obstacles to listening include all of the following EXCEPT

Prejudgments

Listening only to the content level of meaning while ignoring the relationship level is

Literal listening

What are two internal obstacles to listening?

Prejudgment and preoccupation

Shifting the topic of conversation, to oneself or diverting it to a new topic are examples of what form of non-listening?

Diversion interrupting

What are two guidelines or techniques the textbook offers for more effective listening?

Get rid of any environmental distractions, do not interrupt.

What do you call it when you are only pretending to listen, such as in a class lecture?

Pseudo-listening

Artifacts

Ties, jackets and body piercings

Chronemics

Waiting a long time to see a docior

Silence

Ignoring a child as a form of punishment

Paralanguage

Vocal volume, thythm, and inflection

Proxemics

Being comfortable within 18 inches of a close friend

Environment

Low lighting in a high-class restaurant

Haptics

Kissing and patting a new-born baby

Kinesics

Slouching and shuffling when unsure of oneself

Physical appearance

The cultural ideal equating thinness with beauty

What are two ways of improving our nonverbal communication?

- Being aware of what your body language can imply.
- Learning about the different communication between cultures.

Temporal organization pattern (example)

The population of America has become increasingly diverse over time.

Problem-solution organization pattern (example)

Performance in school increases when students eat a nutritious breakfast.

Spatial organization pattern (example)

Pollution spreads from its original source to surrounding areas.

Comparative organization pattern (example)

Graduate education is more intense than undergraduate education.

Cause-Effect organization pattern (example)

Excessive reliance on computers undermines literacy.

Online library catalogs

Useful for finding books and reference works

Databases

Allow searching of academic journals & news services

Interviews

Give you direct personal access to experts on a topic

Online search engines

Offer convenient but often hard-to-verify information

T or F: A survey question should cover two or three points, for the sake of efficiency.

False

T or F: Statistics should always be stated precisely in a speech, not rounded off.

False

T or F: It is sometimes permissible to use hypothetical examples when speaking, as long as they are identified as such.

True

T or F: Stories are effective for putting a human face on an abstract issue.

True

T or F: A 10-minute speech should have about six slides or other visual aids.

True

T or F: Main headings on a PowerPoint slide should be in 18-point type.

False

What are two of the criteria for selecting a good quote to use in a speech?

- Must be from unbiased source
- Must follow context of topic

Martin Luther King Jr. said the unfulfilled promises of the United States to African American citizens are an unpaid check. What is this language technique called?
(One word - more specific than "comparison")

Metaphor

What are two forms of visual aids other than PowerPoint slides, mentioned in the textbook?

- Handouts
- Photographs

Good persuasive speaking can change people's

attitudes, beliefs, and actions

Pathos is likelv to be enhanced by

telling stories that illustrate your point

The Monroe Motivated Sequence follows what steps?

attention-need-satisfaction-visualization-action

Distracting listeners with statements that are irrelevant to the topic is called a(n)

red herring fallacy of logic

T or F: Coercion or force is one of the recognized methods of persuasion.

False

T or F: Inductive reasoning begins with specific examples then draws a conclusion.

True

T or F: A warrant establishes the relevance of evidence presented to support a claim.

True