Human Bio immunology

obligate aerobe

Need oxygen

obligated anaerobe

no oxygen

facultative anaerobe

can live with/without oxygen

prion

infectious proteins, non cellular and are smaller than other viruses, MAD Cow Disease and CJD caused by prions

retrovirus

contains RNA instead of DNA

Reverse Transcriptase

Enzyme, needed to turn RNA into DNA

Lyctic Cycle

Virus attaches to the host cell, enters/injects DNA, host cell then reprogrammed to produce viral protein coats, finally new viruses burst out of host cell and infect new hosts

lysogenic cycle

virus attaches to host, enters/injects viral genetic info into cells DNA (prophage), information passes on for years and years

bacteria

sphere, spiral, rod shaped. prokaryotic, reproduce through binary fission

antibiotics

used for bacterial infections, can prevent misuse by only using prescribed amount and using it before you get the infection

Edward Jenner

created 1st vaccine against small pox, work is controversial because he infected a young innocent boy with a virus to find a result

Pasteur

Proved that microorganisms cause disease, created pastuerization

Koch

linked a specific microorganism to a specific disease

1st line of defense

physical barriers like skin, flushing effects like tears, sneezing, coughing, and mucous, and chemical barriers like stomach acid

2nd line of defense

Heat, swelling, redness, caused by increased blood flow and the expanding of blood vessels

3rd line of defense

Defining features are specificity and memory, WBC macrophages presented to the T cell to alert B cell to create specific antibody

memory cells

cells remember the enemy for later attacks

effector cells

cells that destroy the enemy immediately

MHC Marker

Cells that mark the enemy to identify the cell

B Cells

T Cells activate, produce antibodies

T cells

activate B cells to create antibody

Antibody

proteins, Y shaped, fits like a lock and key with antigen

active immunity

elicits primary immune response

passive immunity

person receives antibodies from external source

vaccine

made from weakened/killed pathogens, used to stimulate immunity from certain viruses

Autoimmune Disorder

Body attacks itself, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus

Deficient Immune Responses

Caused by genetic defects or external factors, HIV