BIO105 DNA, Gene Regulation, and Translation

Flashcards for BIO105 DNA, Gene Regulation, and Translation

Promoter

Controls when and where a gene is turned on

RNA polymerase

Enzyme that reads DNA and builds RNA during transcription

tRNA

Carries the correct amino acid to the ribosome during translation

A → P → E

Correct order of ribosome sites during protein synthesis

A stop codon enters the A site

Stops translation

Promoter for a skin gene fusing with the PDGF transcription unit

Most likely causes uncontrolled cell division

Transcription factors

Help turn specific genes on or off

Why was PDGF produced in the wrong place?

The skin gene promoter was fused to the PDGF gene, causing skin cells to produce PDGF

3

Number of nucleotides in a single codon

Transcription factor

Binds to the promoter and regulates gene expression

Protein

Not made of nucleotides

Region of the gene that would most directly affect the amino acid sequence

Coding region of the transcription unit

mRNA

Brings instructions from DNA to the ribosome

What happens at the P site of the ribosome?

Growing protein chain is held

Genetic code

Three-nucleotide sequences called codons that code for amino acids