Marine Biology Module 5 Flashcards

Flashcards for key concepts and terms from Apologia Marine Biology Module 5.

What is an ambulacral groove?

A channel along the oral surface of echinoderms through which the tube feet protrude.

What is a carapace?

An armored shield that covers the anterior portion of crustaceans.

What are cephalothoraxes?

The anterior part of an arthropod body, consisting of a head and other body segments fused together.

What is chitin?

A derivative of carbohydrates that provides both flexibility and support.

What is a closed circulatory system?

A circulatory system in which the blood always remains in vessels.

What is a dorsal nerve cord?

A long bundle of nerve cells located along the dorsal part of an organism's body.

What is the mantle in mollusks?

A sheath of tissue surrounding the organs of a mollusk, producing the mollusk's shell and performing respiration.

What is molting?

The process of shedding an exoskeleton and replacing it with a new one.

What is a notochord?

A flexible supportive rod that runs the length of the body of chordates.

What is an open circulatory system?

A circulatory system in which blood flows out of the blood vessels and into body cavities, coming in direct contact with cells.

What is a radula?

An organ covered with hundreds of small teeth, used for scraping food into the mouths of mollusks.

What is the function of the water vascular system in echinoderms?

It is a network of water-filled channels that operates the organisms' tube feet.

What happens to a sea cucumber under stress?

It instinctively eviscerates a portion of its insides to give itself time to hide.

Why do sea cucumbers and sea urchins need long, coiled guts?

They feed on tough-to-digest algae and marine grasses, requiring a long digestive tract to process them.

What do sea cucumbers swallow while crawling along the ocean floor?

Sediments.

What is the importance of the timing of echinoderm gamete release?

It increases their chances of finding another gamete for fertilization.

Do adult tunicates have notochords?

Yes, they have a leather-like tunic for support.

Name examples of invertebrates in the phylum Chordata.

Sea squirts, ascidians, salps, and lancelets.

Which phylum includes radula?

Mollusca.

Which phylum includes exoskeleton?

Arthropoda.

Which phylum includes the water vascular system?

Echinodermata.

Which phylum includes notochord?

Chordata.

What is the anatomy of a clam?

Muscle, mouth, foot, gills, heart, siphons, mantle.