Exam 1 comm and infon

selective exposure

willingness to confront or avoid specific stimuli

selective attention

our active participation in determining which stimuli we perceive

theory of symbolic interactionism

we are bound together as a society via our common symbols

denotative

linked to the language system and is in the dictionary

connotative

linked to memories and emotions

spiral of silence

we keep silent when we feel we are the minority

bafflegab

use of highly abstract language

bypass

same words will have different meanings to different people

allness

unqualified or untrue generalization

static evaluation

fails to recognize peoples ability to change

polarization

failure to see middle ground

fact inference confusion

when we pronounce something as fact with no proof or correlation

the 4 principles of comms

inescapeble, irreversible, contextual, and complicated

situational approach

addresses the physical elements of a comms situation

native/personal theories

helps us to describe explain predict and control phenomena and circumstances

attribution

the process where we generate explanations for peoples behavior

internal attribution

when we attribute behaviors to something inside of a person

cognitive complexity

likes to spend mental energy

halo effect

attributing positive qualities to people we like

horn effect

attributing negative qualities to people we dislike

primacy effect

you never get a second chance at a first impression

developmental perspective

adresses the knowledge one has of another in a communication situation

process perspective

becoming aware of what’s happening when communicating

communication competence model

ability to communicate in a personally effective and socially appropriate manner

social position

our place or standing in a social hierarchy constitutes a set of expectations or behaviors of someone who holds a certain position

role rigidity

occurs when a singe role takes over a persons identity

role conflict

occurs when 2 or more roles have opposing demans

looking glass self theory

others act as mirrors and reflect back to us who we are

social comparison theory

we turn to others for info about the validity of our opinions or abilities

backstage/back region

the place people go when not acting

self concept

how we see ourselves

personal identity

when we resist standard roles or make our own roles

self esteem

subjective evaluation of who you are

face

ones self perception in interactions

lacework

the act of using communication to maintain ones self perception

noble self

feels a strong sense to say what they think

rhetorical reflectors

present a new self to everyone and has a lack of individual self

rhetorical sensitive

balance between the other two selves

social penatry theory

disclosure roles, works from small to intimate, reciprocal, risky, involves trust, increases feelings of closeness

first theory of comms was developed by

Corax and refined by Tisias

theory of message organization

a message should have 3 parts corresponding to contemporary concepts of introduction, body, and conclusion

sophists

a group of itinerant teachers in Athens 5th century BCE and set up small schools where they were paid to tutor

Protagoras of Abdera

taught concepts that embodied the modern era of debate. a good speaker should be able to argue both sides

Gorgias of leontini

one of the first teachers to advocate for the use of emotional appeals in persuasive speeches

isocrates

greek sophist who wrote speeches for others to deliver and is known for his belief that an orator should be trained in liberal arts and be a good person

Cicero

saw comms as an academic and practical matter and his view encompassed all of todays social sciences

Quintillian

a teacher who synthesized 500 years of thinking about communication

classical period

view that comms was critical to all aspects of human life oral traditions and persuasion

central figures in early comms

Aristotle and plato

medieval/renaissance

emphasis on rhetoric and the effect of communication in society

modern

development of social science and mass comms research and communication models. comms viewed as a transmission of messages

post modern

focus on media tech and global communication. comms seen as complex process.

expectancy violation theory

how violations of social norms affect our perceptions and interactions

interpersonal deception theory

examines how deceptive comm influences relationships and responses

Kenneth burke

comms as symbolic action

Susann leger

comm expresses human symbolic meaning

erving golfman

comm as performance

social comparison theory

we evaluate ourselves by comparing to others

johari window

1 open known to self and others 2 blind known to others but not self 3 hidden known to self but not others 4 unknown unknown to both

kinesics

body language gestures facial expressions

selective exposure

we choose what messages we encounter

selective attention

focusing on certain parts of messages

serial transmission

when messages are passed through any people they often become shorter and more disoriented people will emphasize certain details

comms apprehension

fear about comm situations

barriers to listening

distractions prejudice emotional reactions info overload

how to become a better listener

focus attention avoid interrupting ask questions practice mindfulness ask questions

proxemics

personal space

haptics

touch

paralanguage

tone pitch speed

How much info do we retain after we have a comm interaction

50%

what does linger say about comm

we are mindless in comm interactions and rely on old categories and routines in social interactions

schema

a cognitive structure that helps us process and organize info a mental guideline that enables us to comprehend and make sense of events

situational attribution

when we attribute behavior to something outside the person

fundamental attribution error

we are more likely to make situational attributions in regards to ourselves. the more a person is like us or the closer the relationship the ore situational

self serving bias

valence of perception more positive for our own behavior

recency effect

your only as good as your last game

active perception checking

1 describe the behavior 2 offer multiple interpretations 3 allow for feedback

looking glass self theory

others act as mirrors and reflect back to us who we are based on the language others use around you

goffmans view

we are actors putting on a show

modal self

personal identity focus

narrative self

our self concept is fashioned thru our changing life story

self schemata

our self concept is fashion thru organizing principles

behavioral self

our self concept is fashioned by our actions

relational self

our self concepts fashioned by our relationships

self as internal dialogue

our self concept is fashion by our self talk

emblems

gestures that translate directly to a verbal statement

illustrators

gestures used to add emphasis create spatial relationship between objects and show the movement of another animal

affect displays

displays of emotional state or mood

regulators

the gestures and movements that signal the starting stopping and turn talking in an interaction

adaptive behaviors

highly unintentional responses to stress or boredom showing of negative feeling about self and others

chronemics

how we perceive use study structure impact and react to messages of Tim

mesomorphic

triangular body shape

ectomorphic

bony tall thin

endomorphs

oval or pear bodied

somatotonic

confident dominent energetic

cerebrotonic

tense awkard detached

viscerotonic

relaxed socialabl emotional