ADVANCED BIOLOGY - Muscular System: MIDTERM (2ND SEM)

Muscles

are bundles, sheets, or rings of tissue that produce movement by contracting and pulling on the structures to

which they are attached.

to bring

duct/o

to stretch out

extens/o

movement

kinesi/o

fibers

fibr/o

to bend

flex/o

fibrous band

fasci/o

muscle

my/o

sole of foot

plant/o

tendon

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

to revolve

rotat/o

to turn

vers/o

away from

ab-

toward

ad-

around

circum-

outward

e-

weakness

meaning of -asthenia

action

-ion

movement

-kinesia

tone

-tonia

to development

-trophic

occipitofrontalis

orbicularis oculi

orbicularis oris

zygomaticus major

sternocleidomastoid

deltoid

trapezius

pectoralis major

latissimus dorsi

biceps brachii

serratus anterior

brachialis

rectus abdominis

pronator teres

brachioradialis

external oblique

extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

iliopsoas

tensor fasciae latae

pectineus

adductor longus

sartorius

gracilis

rectus femoris

vastus lateralis

vastus medialis

ligamentum patellae

peroneus longus

tibialis anterior

Soleus

gastrocnemius

extensor digitorum longus

occipitalis

splenius capitis

infraspinatus

triceps

flexor carpi ulnaris

gluteus maximus

semitendinosus

biceps femoris

semimembranosus

tendo calcaneus

mus

The term muscle is the diminutive form of the Latin word ____________.

400

The human body has more than __________ skeletal muscles, which account for almost 50% of the body's weight

Skeletal muscle

Smooth muscle

Cardiac muscle

What are the three types of muscle tissues?

Voluntary Muscles

are those muscles for which a person consciously chooses to contract and for how long and how hard to contract them.

Involuntary muscles

are the muscles under the control of the subconscious regions of the brain.

Skeletal Muscle

is directly or indirectly attached to a bone and produces voluntary movement of the skeleton. It is also referred to as a striated muscle because of its striped appearance under the microscope.

Fascia

Each muscle is wrapped in layers of fibrous connective tissue called?

motor neurons

Skeletal muscles are stimulated by ______________ of the nervous system.

Smooth muscle

is found in association with internal organs. For this reason, it is also referred to as visceral muscle. The name smooth muscle refers to the muscle's microscopic appearance. It is responsible for the involuntary muscle action associated with movement of the internal organs,

Cardiac muscle

or myocardium, makes up the wall of the heart. With each involuntary contraction the heart squeezes to pump blood out of its chambers and through the blood vessels.

True

TRUE OR FALSE

Skeletal muscles are attached to two different bones and overlap a joint.

Origin

the less movable of the two bones is considered to be the starting point of the muscle

Insertion

the more movable bone is considered to be where the muscle ends.

Action

the type of movement a muscle produces.

Antagonistic pairs

they produce opposite action

abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body

adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body

flexion

Bending a body part

abduction

this is an example of what muscle action?

flexion

this is an example of what muscle action?

extension

Movement that brings the limbs into or towards a straight condition.

dorsiflexion

Backward bending, as of hand and foot.

Plantar flexion

Bending sole of foot; pointing toes downward.

eversion

Turning outward.

inversion

Turning inward.

pronation

To turn downward or backward as with the hand or foot.

pronation

this is an example of what muscle action?

eversion

this is an example of what muscle action?

supination

Turning the palm or foot upward.

elevation

To raise a body part, as in shrugging the shoulders.

depression

A downward movement, as in dropping the shoulders.

depression

this is an example of what muscle action?

circumduction

this is an example of what muscle action?

circumduction

movement in a circular direction from a central point

opposition

Movement of the thumb to touch the fingertips

rotation

moving around a central axis

extension

this is an example of what muscle action?