AAQ

Psychology AP Exam

Correlation Research

A type of non-experimental research method used to evaluate the relationships between two or more variables without manipulation. It assesses the degree to which variables move in relation to each other.

Case study

An in-depth analysis of a single individual, group, or event, often used to explore complex issues and generate insights.

naturalistic observation

A research method where researchers observe subjects in their natural environment without intervention, allowing for the study of behaviors as they occur naturally.

meta-analysis

A statistical analysis that combines the results of multiple studies to identify overall trends and effects, enhancing the understanding of a particular research question.

Experiment

A research method that involves manipulating one or more variables to determine their effect on a dependent variable, allowing for the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships.

mean

The average value of a set of numbers, calculated by dividing the sum of all values by the total number of values.

average

median

The value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data set, representing the middle value when arranged in ascending order.

middle

mode

The value that appears most frequently in a data set, indicating the most common observation.

most repeated

range

The difference between the highest and lowest values in a data set, indicating the spread of the values.

highest-lowest score

standard deviation

A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values, indicating how spread out the values are around the mean.

measure of scatter

percentile rank

A statistical measurement that describes the relative standing of a value within a data set, indicating the percentage of scores that fall below it.

percentage of scored at or below particular value, p-value

skewed distribution

A probability distribution that is not symmetrical, with values favoring one end over the other, often indicated by a long tail.

outliers

correlation coefficient

A statistical measure that indicates the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables, typically ranging from -1 to 1.

measure of two factors vary together

statistical significance

The likelihood that a result or relationship is caused by something other than mere random chance, often assessed using a p-value.

IRB approval

A process by which an Institutional Review Board reviews research proposals to ensure ethical standards are met, particularly regarding the protection of human subjects.

safe experiment

Informed consent

The process by which researchers obtain voluntary agreement from participants before involving them in a study, ensuring they are fully aware of the risks and benefits.

allowed

protection from harm

no physical injury

avoiding deception

participants are not mislead or given false information during the experiement

confidentiality

the participants personal information is kept private

debriefing

process when the participants are told the real reason for the experiment and any deceptions that occurred during the experiment

generalizable

extension of research findings and conclusions to a larger population or context