Soviet Union and Nazi Germany Quiz

Cheka

-Secret Police

-Mass arrests, imprisonments, and executions without a trial

-Suppress counter-revolution and sabotage

-Tool of political repression against opponents of the Bolsheviks

Collectivization

-Nationalization of natural resources and industrial enterprises

-Collective Agriculture

-Create Kolkhozy (Collective farms)

Command Economy

-Government controls what the needs of society are

-Central planners determine the plans and distribution of goods and services.

-No private property or competition

De-Stalinization

-Removal of fear and repression as a system

-Curb privileges of the Communist Party Bureaucracy

-Denounced Stalin’s “administrative violence, mass repression and terror

Five-Year Plans

-Central Planning (Planned economy)

-Rapid industrialization and Collectivism

-Expand defence

Glasnost (Openness)

-Encourage discussion about strengths and weaknesses of the Soviet Union

-Reports on corruption and work/factory conditions

-Previously banned arts now permitted

Gosplan

-State Planning Commision

-Plans for economy

Gulag

-Forced labor camps

-Concentration and correctional

Joseph Stalin

-Rebuild economy and infrastructure after WWII

-5 Year-Plans

-Anti-intellectual campaign (totalitarianism)

-Paranoia and violence

Kolkhoz

-Collective farm in Soviet Union

-State owned land and collective agriculture

Kulak

-Prosperous peasant

-Hold tightly to his own

-Opposed collective agriculture

Leon Trotsky

-Led left side

-Rivaled Stalin

-End NEP

-Rapid industrialization

-Depends on communism to spread for Russia to survive

Leonid Brezhnev

-Brezhnev Doctrine: Right to intervene if socialism is threatened in another socialist state

-Heavy industry

-Unwilling to deal with corruption and inefficiency

Mikhail Gorbachev

-New arms race with US
-Promoted policies of glasnost and perestroika
-Sought to restructure the economy and open up political dialogue

New Economic Policy

-Mixed economy

-Limited role in economy for Government

-Allowed private ownership of small businesses and sale of agricultural production

Nikita Khrushchev

-End forced labor camps

-Destalinization

Promoted a degree of intellectual freedom

-Reduce power of Secret Police

NKVD

-Interior Ministry and Secret Police

-Grow out mass repressions

-Grant purges under Stalin

Perestroika

-Market economy

-Limited free enterprise and little private property

-Decentralized controls and encouraged enterprises to become self-finance

-Competitive elections and legalized creations of other political parties

Revolutionary Terror

-Cheka (secret police)

-Aimed at destruction of opposing regimes

-Element of fear to Bolshevik Regime

-”Red Terror”

Socialism in One Country

-Strengthen socialism in one country rather than globally

-Building military and industrial base before exporting revolution abroad

Soviets

-Workers’ councils

-Elected bodies that formed basis of Soviet government

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

-Give up land

-Wouldn’t make a difference as spread of socialist revolution through Europe would make the treaty irrelevant

-Promised peace to the people (not achieved)

Vladimir Lenin

-NEP

-Revived market

-Newer capitalism

-Heavy industry still government

-Split into 7 members when died

War Communism

-Nationalization of Banks

-Requisition of grain from peasants

-Centralization of State

-Administration under Bolshevik control

Beer Hall Putsch

-Failed Coup attempt

-Goal was to seize control of the Weimar Republic in Germany. And then overthrow German Federal government

Enabling Act

-Allowed the German government to enact laws without the involvement of the Reichstag, effectively enabling Hitler to establish a legal dictatorship.

-Other political parties abolished and trade unions dissolved

-Autonomy of federal state destroyed

Gestapo

-Secret Police

-Suppress jews, opponents, and minorities

-Send people to concentration camps

Gleichschaltung (synchronization)

-The process of consolidating control by the Nazi regime in Germany, which eliminated political opposition and aligned all institutions with Nazi ideology.

-Process of Nazification

Hitler Youth/ League of German Maidens

-A youth organization in Nazi Germany aimed at indoctrinating children with Nazi ideology,

-Promoting physical fitness, and preparing boys and girls for future roles in the regime.

-Oath (all to Hitler and state)

Heinrich Himmler

-Reich leader of the SS

-Presided over vast ideologies and bureaucratic empire

-Responsible for security of Nazi empire

-Leader and overseerer of “The Final Solution”

Hyperinflation

-Economy was stressing due to wars and reparations, leading to rapid devaluation of currency and skyrocketing prices.

-Had to print money

-Treaty of Versailles reparations could not be paid so they got invaded by France and Belgium

Night of the Long Knives

-A purge in Nazi Germany

-Adolf Hitler ordered the assassination of potential political threats, primarily targeting leaders of the SA and others who opposed his regime.

Rearmament

-Rebuilding and expanding military

-Boosted profits

-New weapons and technology

Violates Treaty of Versailles

Sturmabteilung (SA)

-Providing protection for Nazi meetings, intimidating opponents, and conducting violent actions against political adversaries.

-Breakup other party meetings

Schutzstaffel (SS)

-Body guards

-Terror + Ideology

-Control all police forces

-Wants to further Aryan race

-Racial ideology

Total State

-State seeks to control all aspects of public and private life, emphasizing absolute obedience and loyalty to the state.

-No individualism

-Party represents everyone