Radiographic Quality Assurance Final

The quality improvement model PDCA stands for:

Plan, Do, Check, Act

Which of the following would be defined as ordered series of steps that aid in the achievement of a desired outcome?

a) process

b) indicator

c) program

d) efficacy

a) process

Any activity that costs a facility either money of its reputation is known as:

a) loss potential

b) risk management

c) risk assessment

d) risk analysis

a) loss potential

What is the average amount of background radiation per year in the United States?

a) 360 mrem

b) 100 mrem

c) 250 mrem

d) 480 mrem

a) 360 mrem

The probability of having a disease given a positive test result is known as

a) specificity

b) positive predictive value

c) negative predictive value

d) accuracy

b) positive predictive value

The level of benefit expected when healthcare services are applied under ideal conditions is known as the___ of care.

a) reliability

b) efficacy

c) appropriateness

d) continuity

b) efficacy

The number of items actually measured from a population is called a:

a) range

b) data set

c) frequency

d) sample

d) sample

Customers who come from outside the healthcare organization are generally referred to as:

a) none are correct

b) external customers

c) internal customers

d) both b and c are correct

b) external customers

Invasive quality control equipment testing is considered to be:

a) both b and c are correct

b) simple

c) complex

d) None are correct

c) complex

The range of variation around the mean is called

standard deviation

The FOCUS-PDCA is a process used for which of the following?

a) brainstorming

b) healthcare reform

c) quality control

d) quality improvement

d) quality improvement

Which of the following is considered a sentinel event?

a) death after wrong medication injections

b) hives from contrast injection

c) phenuomonthorax from biopsy

a) death after wrong medication injection

Quality improvement is the responsibility of:

a) technologists

b) everyone

c) students

d) management

b) everyone

Which of the following statements is correct about the 80/20 rule?

a) twenty percent of the problems are the results of 80% of the causes

b) twenty percent of the causes result in 80% of the problems

b) twenty percent of the causes result in 80% of the problems

How many levels of quality control testing and monitoring are there?

a) four

b) two

c) one

d) three

d) three

How many different methods of disease transmission are stated to be minimized by tier 2 precautions?

a) four

b) one

c) three

d) two

c) three

Methods of reducing radiation exposure to patients and/or personnel include which of the following?

1. collimation

2. shielding

3. high kVp, low mAs exposure factors

a) 1, 2, and 3

b) 1 and 2 only

c) 2 and 3 only

d) 1 only

a) 1, 2, and 3

how many levels of quality are there when determining the quality of goods or services?

a) four

b) one

c) three

d) two

c) three

Members of the general public who may be exposed to frequent or continuous exposure from artificial sources other than medical exposure have a recommended maximum effective dose equivalent of ____ rem/year

a) 0.1

b) 5.0

c) 1.0

d) 0.5

a) 0.1

Which of the following is not a tool for data presentations:

a) brainstorming

b) cause and effect diagrams

c) pareto charts

d) control charts

a) brainstorming

Which of the following is a pictorial representation of a frequency distribution?

a) histogram

b) scatter plot

c) fishbone chart

d) pareto chart

a) histogram

The FDA uses how many classifications of medical devices?

a) four

b) three

c) one

d) two

b) three

The measurement of the level of quality at some point in time with no effect to change or improve the level of care is known as quality:

a) assurance

b) assessment

c) management

d) control

b) assessment

All of the following affect patient dose except for which of the following?

a) FSS

b) SID

c) added filtration

d) inherent filtration

a) FSS

Which of the following results in the lowest possible occupational exposure?

a) distance from the source as short as possible

b) time of exposure as short as possible

c) time of exposure as long as possible

d) shielding material as thing as possible

b) time of exposure as short as possible

A photometer using a photometric filter and a cosine diffuser are used for measurement of which of the following?

a) illuminance

b) fluorescence

c) phosphorescence

d) luminance

a) illuminance

The eight penny test is used to check the accuracy of________

a) SID indicator

b) light field- radiation field congruence

c) x-ray beam - bucky alignment

d) accuracy of XY scales

b) light field- radiation field congruence

Positive beam limitation detects the size of the image receptor. True or False

True

Collimation devices for radiographic equipment should be accurate to within ____% of the SID

a) 2

b) 10

c) 15

d) 5

a) 2

The accuracy of the x-ray scales compared to the actual size must be ________ of the SID.

a) ±1%

b) ±2%

c) ±5%

d) ±10%

b) +_ 2%

The eight-penny test can be used to evaluate which of the following parameters?

a) Image receptor system spatial resolution

b) Collimation

c) Film-screen contact

d) Focal spot size

b) Collimation

The light field and radiation field of a radiographic unit must be congruent to within ____ of the SID.

a) ±5%

b) ±3%

c) ±1%

d) ±2%

d) ±2%

The distance between the light bulb and the mirror should equal the distance between the _______ and the __________.

a) focal spot; center of mirror

b) center of the mirror; center of bulb

c) focal spot; center of the bulb

d) the distance doesn't matter

a) focal spot; center of mirror

In order for the performance testing of Perpendicularity to fail the range must be greater then ________________ .

a) 10 degrees

b) 3 degrees

c) 1 degree

d) 5 degrees

c) 1 degree

When using the Beam Alignment Tool to determine perpendicularity the steel balls should ___________ on the image.

a) steel balls are not part of the Beam Alignment Tool

b) be separate

c) appear as one

c) appear as one

Light field-radiation field congruency is tested to avoid which of the following:

a) elongation

b) none of these

c) increased patient dose

d) distortion

c) increased patient dose

The x-ray tube must be mounted inside its housing so that the central ray exits the housing to within ____ degree(s) of perpendicular.

a) 2

b) 3

c) 4

d) 1

d) 1

Which device is used to evaluate the relationship between the central ray and the field of exposure?

a) Beam alignment tool

b) Pinhole camera

c) Wire mesh test

d) Resolution chart

a) Beam alignment tool

Performance testing on X-ray Beam Alignment should occur:

a) At least annually

b) Every 5 years

c) Once a month

d) Only upon acceptance

a) At least annually

Which of the following would NOT be considered as a reason for Perpendicularity may be outside of accuracy range:

a) rough handling of housing

b) cooling of the housing

c) heat in the housing

d) housing has nothing to do with perpendicularity

b) cooling of the housing

The sum of the length and width differences should be no more than _______ of the SID.

a) ±4%

b) ±5%

c) none of these

d) ±3%

a) ±4%

A potential reason for the malfunction of the collimator may be from:

a) too much kVp

b) mirror shifting

c) bucky tray misalignment

d) processing error

b) mirror shifting

The distance from the light bulb to the center of the mirror should _______ the distance from the focal spot to the center of the mirror.

a) half

b) be ten times

c) equal

d) be twice

c) equal

Which of the following test tools can be used to determine the accuracy of the x-y scales:

a) beam alignment

b) collimator

c) none of these

d) focal spot

e) all of these

b) collimator

Beam Restriction System effects:

Light field size

Radiation field size

Image contrast

Patient radiation dose

a) 1, 2, & 4 only

b) 1 & 2 only

c) 3 only

d) 1, 2, 3, & 4

d) 1, 2, 3, & 4

The beam restriction system must be equipped with a positioning light and ____________.

a) copper filters

b) lead strips

c) mirror

d) target

c) mirror

The illuminations of the positioning light must be at least _________ foot-candles.

a) 25

b) 20

c) 15

d) 5

c) 15

After maintenance has been performed on the collimator dials; performance testing can wait until the next scheduled testing time.

True

False

False

Which of the following may result if x-ray beam-bucky alignment are NOT within recommended accuracy range (select all that apply):

-grid cutoff

-pixels

-clipping anatomy

-recorded detail

-grid cutoff

-clipping anatomy

If it is determined that the perpendicularity is NOT within the recommended accuracy range which of the following could be a cause (select all that apply):

-use

-age

-heat

use, age and heat

When measuring the distances from the middle of the washer to the edges of your exposed image to determine x-ray beam-bucky tray alignment with a 40 inch SID your measurements need to be within __________ inches or service should be notified.

a) 8

b) 0.8

c) 0.4

d) 4

c) 0.4

X-ray beam-bucky tray alignment must be within ________ of the SID.

a) ±5%

b) ±1%

c) ±2%

d) ±3%

b) ±1%

The minimum brightness of a collimator illuminator bulb is ____ ft-cd at 100 cm.

a) 10

b) 30

c) 500

d) 15

d) 15

Inadequate bulb brightness may lead to:

positioning errors

repeats

patient dose

image contrast

a) 1, 2, 3, & 4

b) 1, 2, & 3 only

c) 4 only

d) 1 & 2 only

b) 1, 2, and 3 only

Which of the following should be tested when evaluating the x-ray beam restriction system of a radiographic unit?

1. Light field/radiation field congruence

2. Centering of the light and radiation fields

3. Radiation field and image receptor congruence

a) 1 and 2

b) 1, 2 and 3

c) 1 and 3

d) 2 and 3

b) 1, 2, and 3

Collimation systems equipped with positive beam limitation the length or width can not differ more than ____ of the SID.

a) ±5%

b) ±3%

c) ±4%

d) ±2%

b) ±3%

X-ray beam - bucky alignment accuracy must be within __________ to be deemed acceptable.

a) ±2% of the SID

b) ±3% of the SID

c) ±5% of the SID

d) ±1% of the SID

d) ±1% of the SID

Another method of performance testing for X-ray Beam - Buck Tray alignment is:

a) Washer method

b) There is no other method

c) Collimator test tool

d) 8 penny test

a) Washer method

The Beam Alignment Test Tool is used for which of the following EXCEPT:

a) X-ray Beam - Bucky Alignment

b) X-Y Scales Accuracy

c) Perpendicularity

b) X-Y Scales Accuracy

Reproducibility variance of radiographic equipment must be within ____%.

a) 5

b) 1

c) 3

d) 10

a) 5

An exposure of 600 mA and 16 ms yields an exposure output of 240 mR. What is the mR/mAs?

a) 250

b) 2.5

c) 25

d) 2500

c) 25

The mR/mAs value can be used to measure which of the following?

a) Timer accuracy

b) kVp accuracy

c) mA accuracy

d) Output of the x-ray generator

d) Output of the x-ray generator

The maximum variability allowed in reproducibility is ________ %.

a) ±10

b) ±5

c) ±2

d) ±15

b) ±5

Linearity variance can only be determined using a dosimeter. True or False

False

For determining milliampere linearity variance the __________ does NOT stay constant.

a) all factors are constant

b) kVp

c) seconds

d) milliampere

d) milliampere

Linearity variance may exceed the acceptable limits for a variety of reasons; which of the following would NOT be considered to be a contributing factor:

a) timer curcuitry

b) kVp

c) rectifier

d) milliampere selector

b) kVp

Match the term with the performance test with the correct statement

mAs Linearity:

mAs Reciprocity:

- increase in mAs increase radiation output

- the same mAs with different exposure time equals the same radiation output

mAs Reciprocity: the same mAs with different exposure time equals the same radiation output

mAs Linearity: increase in mAs increase radiation output

Any variation in linearity must be less then _________ %.

a) 20

b) 5

c) 15

d) 10

d) 10

X-ray system mAs reciprocity has an acceptance parameter of ____________

a) ±20%.

b) ±10%.

c) ±5%.

d) ±15%.

b) +_ 10 %

Which of the following tests measures the accuracy of adjacent mA stations in x-ray equipment?

a) mR/mAs measurement

b) Reproducibility

c) Half-value later

d) Linearity

d) Linearity

Which of the following would be defined as the ability of an x-ray machine to produce constant radiation output at various conditions of mA and exposure time producing the same mAs?

a) Linearity

b) Reproducibility

c) Reciprocity

d) Accuracy

c) Reciprocity

The best method of evaluating the reproducibility variance is done by using a __________.

a) Ion Chamber

b) Proportional Counter

c) Geiger-Muller Counter

d) None of these

a) Ion Chamber

Exposure linearity of x-ray generators must be maintained to within a limit of _____%.

a) 2

b) 5

c) 10

d) 15

c) 10

When testing milliampere and exposre time reciprocity you need to keep ________ constant & and vary _________.

a) mA, Seconds combinations

b) None of these are correct

c) mAs, kVp

d) kVp, mAs combinations

d) kVp, mAs combinations

If a dosimeter is unavailable to evaluate if adequate reciprocity exits you can use which of the following (select all that apply):

- digital volt meter

- aluminum step wedge

- homogenous phantom

- Wisconsin test cassette

- aluminum step wedge

- homogenous phantom

A digital dosimeter is used to determine kVp accuracy.

True

False

False

The kilovolts peak (kVp) must be accurate to

a) ±10%.

b) ±15%.

c) ±5%.

d) ±2%.

c) ±5%.

A specialty test cassette (Wisconsin Test Cassette or Ardan and Cook's cassette) used in kVp accuracy can be used in digital rooms.

True

False

false

The coulomb/kg of air is an SI unit for measuring radiation intensity. What would be the older special unit for radiation intensity?

a) Curie

b) Rem

c) Rad

d) Roentgen

d) Roentgen

The Spinning Top Test can ONLY be used on which of the following:

a) Single Phase X-ray Unit

b) High-frequency Generator

c) Three Phase X-ray Unity

a) Single Phase X-ray Unit

Timer accuracy must be within _________ if the exposure time is greater than 10 ms.

a) +/- 10%

b) +/- 20%

c) +/- 15%

d) +/- 5%

d) +/- 5%

The Spinning Top Test, Synchronous Spinning Top and Oscilloscope are used to determine ___________ accuracy.

a) Timer

b) mAs Linearity

c) Focal Spot Size

d) kVp

a) Timer

Performance testing should occur (select all that apply):

- After service on X-ray tube

- Monthly

- After installation

- Annually

- After service on X-ray tube, After installation, and Annually

A performance test of the SID indicator using the upright bucky at 72" resulted in a measurement of 68" which is within the accuracy range.

True

False

False

The SID indicator must be within ________ of the SID.

a) ±6%

b) ±4%

c) ±1%

d) ±2%

d) ±2%

Source to image distance plays a role in which of the following (select all that apply):

- detail

- patient dose

- shape distortion

- size distortion

- density

all apply

The tube angulation indicator must be accurate to within ___________ degree(s).

a) ±2

b) ±5

c) ±3

d) ±1

b) ±5

The difference between the tube angle indicator and the angle of the protractor had a difference of 6˚. The difference of 6˚ means the test _______.

Passed

Failed

Failed

Only one angulation in each direction (cephalad & caudad) is required for performance testing of the tube angulation indicator.

True

False

False

Only the cephalad tube angle direction is required for performance testing of the tube angle indicator.

True

False

False

The tube angulation indicator should be evaluated _________.

a) every 6 months

b) annually

c) monthly

d) daily

b) annually

The variations between the kilovolts peak (kVp) and X-ray beam quality must be with _________.

a) ±10%.

b) ±2%.

c) ±5%.

d) ±15%.

c) ±5%.

Performance testing for kVp accuracy includes exposures at _________ increments of kVp.

a) 10

b) 1

c) 100

d) 5

a) 10

kVp has a significant effect on the following (select all that apply):

a) Optical Density

b) Patient Dose

c) None of these

d) Image Contrast

a, b, and d

Beam quality is best defined as the ____ energy of the photons in the x-ray beam.

a) minimum

b) None of the above

c) Average

d) maximum

c) average

What is the acceptance criterion for a timer circuit with an exposure time shorter than 10 ms?

a) 10%

b) 5%

c) 15%

d) 20%

d) 20%

+/- 2% of a SID set at 40 inches allows the SID to be off by ______ inches.

a) 80

b) 0.8

c) 20

d) 0.08

b) 0.8

Tube angulation plays a role in which of the following (select all that apply):

shape distortion

size distortion

patient dose

recorded detail

density

all apply

A pinhole camera is used in performance testing of ______________.

a) Overload Protection

b) Half-Value Layer

c) Focal Spot Size

d) Filtration

c) focal spot size

The allowed variation for a focal spot size measuring 1 mm is __________%.

a) 40

b) 50

c) 20

d) 30

a) 40