Quail Production

locally known as pugo, is a small game bird found in temperate and tropical regions throughout the world.​

Quail

is a migratory bird that can be found in Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia.

The true or Old-World quail

The_______________ (sometimes called "partridge") and is non-migratory.​

American quail

American Quail is also called?

Partridge

Quails by some distinction are classified as ___________ birds and as such, quails should not be compared with chicken, whose requirements are different.​

game-hunting

Quail generally survive for?

3-4 yrs

Small size with weight of adult birds being?

150 to 200 grams​

Ratio for quail breeding

1 male:5 female

Characteristics of a quail that is perfect for hatching and producing chicks

Eggs of 9 to 11 grams weight with smooth and hard eggshell

Early sexual maturity - Female quails start laying eggs from their __________ of age and continuously lay one egg daily ​

6 to 7 weeks of age

Egg weight is about?

7 to 15 grams​

Quail lays how many eggs?

280-300 in their 1st yr and 150-175 in 2nd yr

Presence of ______ increase the egg productive efficiency of quails.​

light

Quails usually lays egg at?

Afternoon

It takes how many days to hatch their eggs?

17-18 days

A newly born quail chick weights around?

6 to 7 grams. ​

Quail never _________ their eggs. So you have to use an incubator or brooder chickens for hatching the eggs​

incubate

Quail chicks become very sensitive and take about ________ to be strong enough. ​

two weeks

Quail can be marketed at what age?

early age - 5 wks

Uses of quail

Meat, egg, and pilot animal for genetic, nutritional and physiologic studies

Benefits of Quail Eggs

• Quail eggs have less fat than chicken eggs.

• May help with BP, diabetes, and allergies.

• Higher in protein, minerals, and vitamins.

• More nutritious than other poultry eggs.

• Quail meat is tasty and low-fat.

• Eggs can be sold fresh, cooked, or for baking.

• Meat can be served grilled, fried, adobo, or ginataan.

Species of Quail

Bob white, Japanese, California, Common, Rain, Chinese painted, and New zealand

SN of bob white

Colinus virginianus

SN of japanese quail

Coturnix japonica

SN of california

Callipepla californica

SN of rain

Coturnix coromandelica

SN of Chinese painted

Coturnix chinensis

SN of nz quail

Coturnix novaezelandiae

Layer quail breeds

Tuxedo​

Pharaoh​

British Range​

English White​

Manchurian Golden​

Broiler quail breeds

• Bobwhite (American)​

  • White Breasted (Indian)​

A black bird with a white spot on the breast. The color is dark on the dorsal surface and white on the ventral surface.​

Tuxedo

Pharaoh is also known as

Jumbo brown

• in general has a black and brownish tan stripes on its back and head . ​

• The head is also tan-brown while the ventral surface is yellowish cream .

Pharaoh

• The overall coloring dark brown​

• Feathers on the back and head are black ending with a brown tip. ​

• The beak and shanks are darkly pigmented, but some toes are yellow whole others have spotted area of pigmentation.​

British range

• A white colored breed. ​

• A few black down feathers may appear on top of the head​

• Beak and legs are pinkish brown and eyes are brown​

• Male and female are identical​

English White

Pharaoh is visually sexable at

2-3 wks

• Golden color, lighter than wild type.

• Yellowish cream body, like wild type’s underside.

• Bright orange-gold with few/no dark speckles.

• Males are lighter; females are darker.

• Males have a face mask (dark or light).

• Large-sized; variety doesn’t affect size.

• Dark eyes, grey beak.

• Chicks hatch yellow with thin dark stripes.

Manchurian Golden

Manchurian golden is sexable at

3 wks of age

The most common species of quail, the __________ is often referred to as the number one game bird of the eastern and southern United States.​

bobwhite

The name "bobwhite" derives from its characteristic ___________

whistling call

Males have a white throat and brow stripe bordered by black compared to brown colored females.​

Bobwhite quail

Quail variety developed by Central Asia Research Institute (CARI).​

It has white chest, white breasted color plumage and tinted color eggs.

White breasted (Indian)

Average weight of White breasted (Indian)

180g

White breasted has an annual egg production of ____ eggs and the average weight of an egg is __g.​

240 - 12g

Found in the fields and forests; the common “pugo”. This quail is not suitable for commercial production.​

Native

Quail breeds found in the Philippines

• Native (pugo)

• Japanese Taiwan

• Japanese Seattle

• Negro

• Tuxedo

• Silver

  • Brown cross no. 1 and no. 2

Japanese taiwan is also known as?

Chinese Quail

It has dark brown feathers mixed with white and gray. The female has a gray underside flecked with darker feathers, while the male has many reddish feathers on the underside.​

Japanese Taiwan

This is as an American breed similar to the Japanese Taiwan; it has jersey (rust-maroon) feathers at the base of the heads.​

Japanese Seattle

Black or grayish black.​

Negro

Black with a white spot on the breast.​

Tuxedo

White with black eyes; from the Canaan Valley, Egypt.​

Silver

Japanese quail is the species that is popularly raised for?

eggs and meat

Japanese quail - body weight at one day old

6-8 g

Japanese quail - Adult male weight

100-130 g

Japanese quail - Adult female weight

120-160g

Japanese quail - egg weight

9-10g

Japanese quail - egg number/100 days

80-90

Japanese quail - age at sexual maturity

38-42 days of age

Japanese quail life span

Max: 7 yrs in male

Min: 3-4 yrs

Japanese taiwan is susceptible to

Respiratory disease

• The breast feathers of females are littered with dark spots among generally pale feathers.​
  The cheeks are more cream colored.​

• The male breast feathers show off a uniform dark reddish-brown coloration that is devoid of any dark spots and cheeks has reddish brown coloration​

• Its eggs are small, and egg production is lower.​

• It takes 15 days after hatching to determine the female and male brood​

Japanese Taiwan

Japanese Seattle is recommended as it is a?

heavy egg producer

is commonly raised in the Philippines. However, its eggs are small compared to those of improved breeds, and egg production is lower.

Japanese taiwan

s the result of the cross between a Negro and a Japanese Seattle​

Brown Cross No.1

Negro + Japanese Taiwan​

Brown Cross No.2

Its offspring is commonly used in egg production ​

Can lay eggs for 12 to 14 months.​

Male and female brood can already be determined at one- day old​

cross between the Japanese Seattle and Japanese Taiwan ​

means, raising quails commercially (like other poultry birds) for the purpose of profitable eggs and meat production.

Quail farming

quail farming business is very _______________. It’s very easy to maintain a quail farm, because quails are among the smallest species of poultry birds.​

easy, lucrative and entertaining

Advantages of Quail farming

• Needs less space and low investment

• Quails are hardy and early marketable (as early as 5 weeks)

• Early layers (6–7 weeks), up to 280 eggs/year

• Tastier, low-fat meat; good for kids’ growth

• Eggs are nutritious, low in cholesterol

• Ideal for pregnant/nursing mothers

• Suitable for any weather

REASON WHY QUAIL FARMING IS ECONOMICALLY VIABLE AND TECHNICALLY FEASIBLE​

• Very short generation interval

• robustness to diseases

• no vaccination required

• low space req.

• early maturity

• high laying intensity

Quails are known for their _______________________. This lowers mortality rates and minimizes veterinary expenses, making farming more cost-effective.​

strong immunity and resilience to common poultry diseases

Unlike chickens and other poultry, quails typically do not require what?

routine vaccinations

Female quails have an impressive egg-laying capacity, starting at just ___________

42 days old.

Practical Utility

1. Alternative to chicken farming

2. Table delicacy

3. Pilot animal for research and education

Quail eggs and meat are considered __________ items due to their rich flavor and nutritional value. Their popularity in restaurants and households provides high market demand, often at premium prices.​

gourmet food

Female bird can start laying eggs in __________ after both and frequency is ___ egg per day

6 or 7 weeks - 1 egg/day

For a beginner, it is best to start with quail pullets about _______

30-35 days old.

THINGS TO DO WHEN STARTING A QUAIL FARMING BUSINESS

a. Selection of Stock

b. Size of the flock

Some of the pointers in selecting quails are as follows:

• body conformation

• choose bird with uniform size

• record of the parents stock

Avoid buying those with streak of white or black feathers- could be signs of what?

signs of inbreeding

The American quail is known as the?

New World quail

belong to the Odontophoridae family - a diverse family of small to medium-sized birds found primarily in the continent of America.​

American quail

a __ average laying efficiency within 300 days laying period is desirable.​

65%

A beginner can start with _____ pullets.​

10-15

Materials commonly used in making quail cages are?

• plywood

• ½ inch mesh wire

• 1×1 lumber to serve as framework

A 50-watt incandescent bulb could be used to provide the needed heat of quails in the __________

brooding compartment.

bulb that is used in brooding compartment

50-watt incandescent bulb

The light from this bulb could also serve as a?

guide for young quails to find their way to the feeders and drinkers.

The bulb should be placed a ___________________________ to allow room for the quails to stay away from the heat source in case there is overheating. ​

little distance away from the middle of the brooder

It is recommended to ensure the synchronize feeding of quails

Long-narrow type cage

could be constructed with a slightly inclined flooring so that the eggs will roll to the front or to the side of the house.​

Layer house

are used to raise a large number of birds in a very small space by stacking cages vertically.

Battery cages

What are the standard dimensions of a battery type cage?

4 ft. x 8 ft. x 1 ft.

How are battery cages arranged?

stacked in four decks with 3 to 4 inches between each deck.

Why should battery cages be rat-proofed?

Because rats are the greatest enemy of the birds and can harm them or spread disease.

The ____________ could also be used as the laying house.​

grower house

A 122 cm x 24.4 cm x 30.48 cm dimension could comfortably house how many quails?

250 to 300 heads of quails.​

___________, made of wood or GI sheets, could be used.​

Shallow feeders

are the most practical drinking equipment for quails. ​

jar types or gallon drinkers