Week 1 Reformation

John Wycliffe

Protestant Reformer before Martin Lurther who completed the first translation of the Bible into English.

Indulgences

Slips of paper sold that pardon punishment from sin and originally given to reward pious deed. They were “signed by the Pope”

Martin Luther’s Views

Salvation by Faith Alone, Bible is the ultimate authority and all humans are equal before god.

95 Theses

A list of questions and retorts that contained Martin’s central beliefs and ideas. Nailed to the door of a Castle Church in Whittleburg, Germany. Led to the brith of the Protestant Church

What happened to Martin Luther?

Pope Leo X declared Luther a heretic on Jan. 3 1521 and excommunicated him.

Diet of Worms

A special meeting between the emperor’s rulers that commanded Luther to adabbadon his ideas

30 Years War

(1618-1648) A destructive war between Protestants and Catholics. Catholics won most battles however it did not stop Lutheranism. As a result Haspsburgs lost most of their power and Germany divided into states.

What causes the Church of England to form?

King Henry VII wanted a divorce but the Pope refused so he created his own church known as the Anglican Church

Mary Tudor

Half Sister of Edward VI (son of King Henry) who restored Catholicism and murder thousands of peasants.

Elizabeth I

Tolerated Catholics and Protestants. Successfully defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588.

The Counter Reformation

Sought to roll back the tide of protestant reformation. Pope and council only salvation, etc

Ignatius of Loyola

Founded the Society of Jesus (jesuits). Soldiers of God, Missionaries, Set up Schools

Impact of Protestant Reformation

Growth of secularism, individualism, religious tolerance (eventually). Gives power to monarchs and secular leaders