Group 1 TOEFL

abstract

a summary of a longer piece of writing, or an idea that is not concrete and is based on general concepts

acknowledge

to accept that something is true or exists, or to show appreciation or recognition

acquire

to get or gain something, often through learning or experience

aggregate

a total amount or value made up of smaller parts added together

alternative

a different choice or option that can be used instead of something else

analyze

to carefully study something in order to understand it better

assessment

the act of evaluating or judging the quality, importance, or value of something

assumption

a belief or idea that you accept as true without proof or evidence

bias

a preference or opinion that unfairly affects a person's judgment or decision-making

comprehensive

including all or almost all the necessary details or parts of something

contradict

to say the opposite of what someone else has said, or to show that a statement is not true

criteria

a set of rules or standards that are used to judge or make decisions about something

deduce

to reach a conclusion or decision based on available information or reasoning

demonstrate

to show or prove something clearly by giving evidence or examples

empirical

based on actual experience or observation, rather than on theory or logic

hypothesis

an idea or explanation that is based on limited information and needs to be tested or investigated

implication

a possible effect or result of something, often not clearly stated or considered

justify

to provide a good reason or explanation for something, or to show that it is right or reasonable

manipulate

to control or influence something or someone in a skillful way, often for personal gain

objective

based on facts and not influenced by personal feelings or opinions

phenomenon

a fact or event that is unusual, interesting, or difficult to understand or explain

precede

to come or happen before something else in time, order, or importance

rationale

the underlying reason or explanation for a decision, belief, or action

relevant

closely connected or appropriate to the matter being considered or discussed

scope

the range of things that a subject, activity, or situation includes or deals with

subjective

based on personal feelings, opinions, or experiences, rather than on facts or evidence

synthesis

the process of combining different ideas, pieces of information, or elements to form a new and complete whole

validity

the quality of being logically or factually sound, or the extent to which something is true and can be believed

variable

something that can change or be different in different situations

verify

to check or prove that something is true, accurate, or correct