Group 1 +2 takeaways

Reaction of carbonate and an acid

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

Solubility and appearance of group 1 carbonates/ sulfates

• All white solids

• All soluble ( except lithium carbonate is slightly soluble)

Solubility and appearance of Group 2 carbonates/ sulfates

• all carbonates are white solids

• all carbonates are insoluble in water

• all carbonates decompose to give Group2 oxide + CO2

• all sulfates are white solids

• solubility decreases down the group

BaSO4- insoluble

Solubility difference when Barium metal reacts with sulfuric acid and HCl/ HNO3 acids

• less soluble down the group

• with H2SO4 slow - insoluble BaSO4 produced covers the surface of the metal, acts as a barrier for further attack

• with HCl/ HNO3 soluble Group2 salts are formed

What is the colour of universal indicator in:

• strong / weak acid

• neutral (pure water)

• strong/ weak alkali

• red/ orange

• green

• blue/ purple

Volume conversion from:

1. dm3 to cm3

2. m3 to dm3

3. m3 to cm3

1. dm3 to cm3 = x1000

2. m3 to dm3 = x1000

3. m3 to cm3= x10^6

Celsius to Kelvin

+273

Mass conversions

1. g to mg

2. kg to g

1. g to mg = x1000

2. kg to g= x1000

What elements “ S Block Elements” refers to

Group 1 and 2

Flame colour of Li

Red

Flame colour of K

Lilac

Flame colour of Na

Yellow

Flame colour of Rb

Red

Flame colour of Cs

Blue

Flame colour of Mg

No flame colour

• as energy emitted of a wavelength outside outside visible spectrum

Flame colour of Ca

Brick red

Flame colour of Sr

Red

Flame colour of Ba

Green

Trend in ionisation energy down Group 2

• shielding increases

• outermost e- are further from the nucleus — held more weakly

• attraction forces between +ve nucleus and -ve outermost e- decreases

• easier to remove e- down the group — less energy needed

Trend in solubility of Group2 Hydroxides down the group

• more soluble down the group

• all Group 2 hydroxides are white ppt. when not soluble

Compare reactions of

1. Mg + H2O(g)

2. Mg + H2O(l)- warm water

Steam:

• Mg + H2O => MgO + H2

• Mg burns with bright white flame

Warm water:

• Mg + 2H2O => Mg(OH)2 + H2

• Much slower

• No flame

• NaOH+ heat

• red litmus paper turns blue

Conclusion?

• ammonia released

• NH4+ present

• conc HCl

• pink to blue

Conclusion?

• [CoCl4]2- formed

• Co2+ present

• Dilute HCl + BaCl2

• white ppt.

Conclusion?

SO4 2- present

Observations:

Acid + Metal Carbonate

• Metal Carbonate dissolves

• Fizzing