WBE: Overall

Flashcards for vocabulary related to War, Business, and Economics, focusing on the defense industry and its transformation.

War

A conflict between two or more organized groups, fought with systematic violence over an extended period.

Economy

A domain involving the production, distribution, trade, and consumption of goods and services.

Business

An organization or enterprising entity engaged in economic activity, typically focused on producing goods or delivering services.

Defense Industry

Sector overlapping with aircraft, chemicals, automotive, telecommunications, and weapons production.

Military goods

Weapon systems and equipment developed specifically for military use.

Dual-use items

Products, software, and technologies usable for both civilian and military purposes.

Arm-producing company

Any company engaged in producing weapons or military equipment.

Weapon system

A combination of weapons, materials, personnel, services, deployment tools, and logistics for operational readiness.

Autonomous weapon systems

Systems capable of identifying, selecting, and attacking targets without human intervention.

Defense Industrial Base

Nation's collective capacity to develop, produce, and sustain defense equipment (R&D, Production, Maintenance).

Interstate conflict

Conflict between sovereign states.

Intrastate conflict

Civil wars within a single state, often involving non-state actors.

Internationalized intrastate conflict

Internal conflict where external states intervene militarily on one or more sides.

Extrastate conflict

Conflicts between a state and non-state actors located outside its territory.

Protectionism

Strategies favoring domestic suppliers.

EDIRPA

Joint procurement framework, European Defence Industry Reinforcement through Common Procurement Act

ASAP

Ammunition production initiative; Act in Support of Ammunition Production

European Defence Fund (EDF)

Enhance cooperation and competitiveness among EU defense actors support joint R&D and dual-use technology development (civil-military).

ASD (Aerospace and Defence Industries Association of Europe)

Represent over 4,000 companies from 20 European countries in the aerospace and defence sector.

Supply chain

The network of entities involved in producing and delivering a product or service to the end user.

Political Change Transformation

Political change that influences product design, supply chains, organization, cost structure and leadership.

Globalization Integration

International supply chains, multinational R&D, and dual-use innovation can increase vulnerability to disruptions

Digitalization Integration via Technology

Digital tools connect civil and military systems, enabling predictive maintenance, autonomous systems, and real-time battlefield awareness.

Proxy war

A proxy war occurs when two major powers support third parties to fight in their place, rather than engaging in direct military confrontation.

Sanction

A sanction = legal prohibition on certain economic activities, exports, services, financial operations, travel, etc., often requiring special licenses to override

Trade war

An economic conflict in which countries impose tariffs, quotas, or other barriers to punish or pressure each other.

Economic Weapons

Aim to coerce without bloodshed, but can spark instability or trigger military conflict.

Offset Agreement

A requirement by the buying country that the selling company invests back into the local economy.

War-Peace Transformation

War leads to expansion of defense budgets, emergency procurement, and accelerated R&D.

Digital Transformation

Digital Transformation Emergence of AI, autonomous systems, digital twins, and predictive maintenance has revolutionized defense R&D and production.

PMSCs

Private Military and Security Companies, legally registered firms offering armed services, intelligence, training, or logistics for profit.

Preventing Resymmetrization by the Stronger Side

Deterrence raising the critical question: Is Donald Trump right that unmatched power is the surest path to peace?