imaging techniques use
interactions between waves (notably EM or sound waves) and matter (such as glass and tissue)
logitudinal waves
left to right
sound waves
transverse waves
up to down (cosine waves)
x-ray & CT
absorption
energy transerred into medium
emission
“Fluorescence” / glowing
transmission
light passes through medium or into a new medium
reflection
light bounces or changes direction when reaching a barrier
specular reflection
diffuse or scattering reflection
refraction
lights bends when passing from one medium to another
due to change in speed of wave
constructive wave interference
waves add thogether
destructive wave interference
waves subtract
Refractive index
how much path is bent or “refracted”
snell’s law
n1sin01=n2sin02
or
sin01/sin02 = v1/v2
Diffraction
bending and spreading of wave as it passes through an opening or around barrier in its path
small diffraction
wide gap
large diffraction
narrow gap