B9 respiration

what do organisms need energy for?

-chemical reactions to build larger molecules

-movement

-keeping warm

what is the difference in anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration?

Aerobic uses oxygen whereas anaerobic is without oxygen

where can respiration taker place?

respiration in cells takes place aerobically or anaerobically to transfer energy

what is the equation for aerobic respiration?

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

where does anaerobic respiration occur?

in the muscles

what is the equation for anaerobic respiration?

glucose → lactic acid

what is the equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells?

glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide

As the oxidation of glucose is incomplete in anaerobic respiration

much less energy is transferred than in aerobic respiration

why is fermentation important?

it has the economic importance in the manufacture of bread and alcoholic drinks

what does lactic acid cause?

fatigue and cramps

where does anaerobic take place?

in the cells cytoplasm

define oxygen debt

the amount of energy needed to break down lactic acid into carbon dioxide

what organ removes lactic acid?

the liver

where in the cell does aerobic respiration take place?

mitochondria

how does the human body react during exercise?

there is an increase demand for energy

what increases when a person exercises?

the heart rate, breathing rate and breath volume increase to supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood

lactic acid is transported from the muscles to the liver via the blood

exothermic reaction is aerobic respiration

what happens when there isn't enough oxygen when a person exercises?

-anaerobic respiration takes place in the muscles

-the incomplete oxidation of glucose causes a build up of lactic acid

-creates oxygen debt

what happens to long vigorous activity in the muscles?

-muscles become fatigued

-and stop attracting efficiently

what is the process to get more oxygen to the muscles in anaerobic respiration?

blood flowing through the muscles transports the lactic acid to the liver, where it is converted back into glucose. Oxygen debt is the amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from cells

define metabolism

is the sum of all the chemical reactions in a cell or the body

explain the use of energy transferred by respiration?

for the continual enzyme controlled processes of metabolism that synthesis new molecules

what does metabolism include:

-conversion of glucose in starch, glycogen and cellulose

-the formation of lipid molecules from a molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids

-the use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids which in turn are used to synthesis proteins

-respiration

-breakdown of excess proteins to form urea for excretion