Refraction and Lenses

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and definitions related to refraction and lenses, based on the lecture notes provided.

Refraction

The bending of light waves as they enter or cross the boundary between two media with different densities.

Index of Refraction

The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a given material.

Snell's Law

A law that describes how light refracts when it passes from one medium to another, expressed as Sin i/Sin r = n.

Convex Lens

A lens that converges light rays to a single point and forms real images.

Concave Lens

A lens that diverges light rays, causing virtual images to form.

Willebrord Snell

The scientist who first observed the law of refraction.

Angle of Incidence

The angle between the incident ray and the normal line at the boundary of two media.

Angle of Refraction

The angle between the refracted ray and the normal line at the boundary of two media.

Myopia

A condition where distant objects appear blurry because light is focused in front of the retina.

Hyperopia

A condition where close objects appear blurry because light is focused behind the retina.

Presbyopia

A condition caused by aging which leads to a decreased ability to focus on close objects.

Astigmatism

A condition where light rays do not converge at a single point on the retina due to uneven lens curvature.

Virtual Image

An image formed by diverging rays that cannot be projected on a screen.

Real Image

An image formed by converging rays that can be projected onto a screen.

N

The symbol commonly used to represent the index of refraction.

Light Velocity in Vacuum

Approximately 3 x 10^8 m/s, the speed at which light travels in a vacuum.

Crown Glass

A type of glass with an index of refraction of 1.52.

Diamond

A material with a high index of refraction at 2.42.

Aperture

The opening that allows light to enter a camera or optical device.

Eye

The organ that perceives light and images, similar to a camera.

Film

capture the

image made by the

light coming through

the lens.

Diaphragm

allow

different levels of light

to pass through to the

sensor - thus

controlling the

aperture

Aperture

-control

the amount of light

passing through the

lens

Lens

-sends the light

to the film strip

black paint

to

absorb light.

Retina

light sensitive

and layer of

photoreceptors, receives

the light and convert it to

chemical energy

Iris

regulate the

amount of light that can

enter the retina.

Pupil

allow light to

enter the eye so it can be

focused on the retina to

begin the process of

sight

Lens

-transmit and focus

light onto the retina.

Choroid

supplies the

outer retina with

nutrients, and maintains

the temperature and

volume of the eye

pupil, aperature

how does light enter?

iris, diaphragm 

what controls the amount of light

retina, film

what interprets the image

lens, lens

how is the light focused