Calcium Channel Blockers

Calcium Channel Blockers

Medications used to treat cardiac conditions such as hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias by preventing calcium from entering cells.

Nondihydropyridines

A group of calcium channel blockers that includes verapamil and diltiazem.

Dihydropyridines

A group of calcium channel blockers that includes nifedipine and amlodipine.

Vasodilation

The dilation of blood vessels, which increases blood flow and decreases resistance.

Common Side Effects of Calcium Channel Blockers

Headache, flushing, dizziness, peripheral edema, hypotension, and bradycardia.

Contraindications for Calcium Channel Blockers

Should not be used in patients with hypotension, acute myocardial infarction, second- and third-degree AV heart block, or sick sinus syndrome.

What are the effects of calcium channel blockers on heart muscle contraction?

They decrease the heart muscle's force of contraction and slow conduction through the atrioventricular node.

Medication-specific side effects of Verapamil

Can cause constipation and heart block.

Medication-specific side effects of Amlodipine

Can lead to facial edema.

What should be assessed when caring for a patient on a calcium channel blocker?

Assess for contraindications, monitor blood pressure and heart rate, and check for peripheral edema.

Effect of grapefruit juice on calcium channel blockers

Can increase the serum level of calcium channel blockers, especially felodipine and nifedipine.

Interactions with Verapamil

Should not be given to patients taking digoxin due to increased risk of heart block and digoxin toxicity.

Patient Education for Calcium Channel Blockers

Instruct on safe self-administration, dietary modifications, and when to notify a healthcare provider.

Baseline Assessment

Perform a baseline assessment focusing on blood pressure, heart rate, and peripheral edema.

What happens when calcium binds with receptors in heart and vascular smooth muscle?

It is essential for normal function, contraction, and electrical conduction.