Speciation and Biological Species Concept

This set of flashcards covers essential vocabulary and concepts related to speciation, including definitions of species, reproductive barriers, and alternative species concepts.

Speciation

The process by which new species arise.

Biological Species Concept

A species is defined as a group of populations whose members can interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring.

Erythrura gouldiae

A species of Australian parrot often cited in discussions of speciation.

Erythrura tricolor

Another species of Australian parrot, important for understanding species diversity.

Reproductive Barrier

A factor that prevents reproduction between members of two populations.

Reproductive Isolation

When a reproductive barrier exists between two populations.

Prezygotic Reproductive Barriers

Reproductive isolation occurring before fertilization, including habitat, timing of breeding, mating behavior, morphology, and gamete compatibility.

Postzygotic Reproductive Barriers

Reproductive isolation occurring after fertilization, leading to hybrids that are not viable or fertile.

Morphological Species Concept

Defines species based on distinct physical characteristics.

Phylogenetic Species Concept

Defines species as the smallest branch on a phylogenetic tree.

Ecological Species Concept

Defines species based on their ecological niche.