CPH RLE Week 6 Ch 17

preventing complications, slowing its progression, and improving quality of life

TERTIARY PREVENTION

• Focuses on reducing the impact of an already established disease by ___, ___, and ___

already

TERTIARY PREVENTION

• aimed at individuals who have ___ been diagnosed with a chronic condition or disability

Disability limitation

Has the goal of halting the progress of the disease or limiting the damage caused by a disease or injury

functional disability produced

Rehabilitation

• Focuses on reducing the ___ by a given level of impairment

Disease

Defined as the medical condition or diagnosis itself

Disability

• Adverse impact of the disease on objective physical, psychologic, and social functioning

• Objectives impact of the patient

physical, psychologic, and social

Disability

• Adverse impact of the disease on objective ___, ___, and ___ functioning

Illness

• Adverse impact of a disease or disability on how the patient feels

• Subjective impact on the patient

Illness Perception

Is the patients’ perception of their disease, its duration and severity, and their expectation for a recovery

first sign

The ___ of an illness provides an excellent opportunity to initiate methods of tertiary prevention

Disability limitations

___ refer to measures aimed at reducing the impact of a disability, improving function, and enhancing independence

preventing further deterioration

Disability limitations

• It focuses on ___ and maximizing an individual's capabilities

Symptomatic Stage Prevention

Is the attempts to halt or limit future progression of the disease

Coronary Vascular Disease

___ encompasses coronary artery disease and strokes

revascularization ; surgical bypass

When CVD becomes symptomatic, the acute disease needs to be addressed with interventions such as ___ or by performing ___

Cigarette Smoking

___ accelerates blood clotting, increases blood carbon monoxide levels, and causes a reduction in delivery of oxygen

Nicotine

___ in the cigarette causes blood vessels to tighten

1 year

For individuals who stop smoking, the excess risk declines quickly and seems to be minimal after ___ of nonsmoking

Smoking cessation

___ is probably the most effective behavioral change a patient can make when CVD is present

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

___ increases the risk of repeat MI or restenosis of coronary arteries

glycosylated hemoglobin

Keeping the level of ___ (HbA1c) at less than 7% significantly reduces the effect of diabetes on the heart, kidney, and eyes

Less than 7%

Keeping the level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at ___ significantly reduces the effect of diabetes on the heart, kidney, and eyes

130/80 mm Hg

The hypertension treatment guidelines recommend a target blood pressure below ___

Exercise

___ at any intensity improves cardiovascular health

blood pressure, blood sugar, and lipid levels

Physical activity improves several CVD risk factors, such as ___, ___, and ___

central adiposity

Fat distribution is a factor in CVD specifically the ___

hypertension and insulin resistance

Weight loss ameliorates some important cardiac risk factors such as ___ and ___

weight cycling

Weight loss needs to be sustained because ___ itself is likely detrimental to health

Dyslipidemia

___ is describe as an abnormal elevation in one of more of the lipids or lipid particles found in blood

Lipid profile

___ is a crucial diagnostic tool for assessing dyslipidemia.

Total Cholesterol, High Density Lipoprotein, Low Density Lipoprotein, Very Low Density Lipoprotein, and Triglycerides

Lipid Profile

• ___

• ___

• ___

• ___

• ___

low-density lipoprotein

___ is likely the most important predictor of cardiovascular disease

psychological stress, anxiety, depression, and cardiovascular disease

There is a complex interplay between ___, ___, ___, and ___

Hypertension

___ is defined as an average systolic BP of 140 mm Hg or greater, or an average diastolic BP of 90 mm Hg or greater

Systolic ; 140 mm Hg

Hypertension

• ___ BP of ___

• diastolic BP of 90 mm Hg

Diastolic ; 90 mm Hg

Hypertension

• Systolic BP of 140 mm Hg

• ___ BP of ___

community or occupational screening

Hypertension may be detected by ___ or ___

essential hypertension

Most hypertension is classified as an ___, meaning that the specific underlying cause is unknown

Lifestyle management ; Diet ; Medication

Hypertension treatment:

• ___

• ___

• ___

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

The body does not produce insulin

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

The body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces

glycosylation of hemoglobin A1c

Diagnosis of diabetes for most patient involves the evaluation of the degree of ___ (HbA1c)

Seven Percent

Maintaining HbA1c to ___ reduce the risk of diabetes-related complications

Self-management

___ is key in diabetes therapy, this include (1) glucose and blood pressure monitoring, (2) medication adherence, (3) lifestyle improvements, and (4) problem solving and coping strategies

Five Percent

Weight loss of at least ___ is recommended for most patients

Metformin

___ is the first-line treatment for most patients

3 months

Chronic low back pain is defined as symptoms for more than ___ that causes more years of disability than any other health condition

biopsychosocial

It is a ___ problem which should be targeted in comprehensive manner

nonpharmacologic treatment

The first-line treatment in chronic low back pain is ___ (exercise, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and relaxation)

analgesics

If the first-line treatment fail, consider ___, avoiding opioid medications when possible

Pain specialist

___ referral and rehabilitation program is implemented in patients with opiate abuse and patient who do not respond to treatment

kidney, liver, heart, lung, pancreas, and intestines

The most transplanted organs are ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, and ___

immunosuppressive

After transplantation, patients are maintained on strong ___ medications

illness, injury, surgery, or disability.

Rehabilitation is a process of restoring physical, mental, and social well-being after ___, ___, ___, or ___

Rehabilitation counselor

___ coordinates the efforts of a team of specialists composed of physical therapists, speech therapists, and occupational therapists

Speech Therapist

Improve the ability of patients to articulate their thoughts after a stroke or head injury that produces aphasia, and they may help to evaluate whether stroke patients can swallow food safely

Occupational Therapist

Evaluate the occupational abilities of patients, counsel them regarding suitable types of work, provide them with job training or retraining, and help them find a suitable job

Psychiatric Counseling

Important, as may spiritually counseling by a member of the clergy

Cardiac rehabilitation

___ has been shown to be one of the most cost-effective interventions in preventing progression of heart disease

Pulmonary Rehabilitation

It involves exercise training, education, breathing techniques, and psychological support

Cancer Rehabilitation

It aims to reduce treatment side effects, improve quality of life, and restore independence

Chronic Low Back Pain Rehabilitation

It aims to reduce pain, improve mobility, and restore daily function

Permanent Total Disability

Categories of Disability

• ___

• Permanent Partial Disability

• Temporary Total Disability

• Temporary Partial Disability

Permanent Partial Disability

Categories of Disability

• Permanent Total Disability

• ___

• Temporary Total Disability

• Temporary Partial Disability

Temporary Total Disability

Categories of Disability

• Permanent Total Disability

• Permanent Partial Disability

• ___

• Temporary Partial Disability

Temporary Partial Disability

Categories of Disability

• Permanent Total Disability

• Permanent Partial Disability

• Temporary Total Disability

• ___