principles of inheritance

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Well known Indian breed of cow found in Punjab

Sahiwal

7 year of experiment was done between

1856-1863

Mendel took into consideration____ characters

14

Mendel took into consideration____ pair of contrasting characters

7

dominant seed shape

round

Dominant seed colour

yellow

dominant pod shape

inflated

dominant pod colour

green

dominant flower position

axial

dominant flower colour

violet

dominant plant height

tall

Contain information that is required to express a particular trait in an organism

gene

reginald c punnet was

british geneticist

organism showing dominant character is crossed with recessive parent is called

test cross

Characters are controlled by discrete units called factors

Factors occur in pairs.

In a dissimilar pair of factors one member of the pair dominates(dominant) the other (recessive)

law of dominance

Law is based on the fact that the alleles do not show any blending and that both the characters are recovered as such in the F2 generation, though one of these is not seen at the F1 stage

law of segregation

Exception to law of inheritance

Incomplete dominance ,co dominance

dog flower or snapdragon or antirrhinum sp

incomplete dominance

less efficient enzyme

dominant trait

non functional enzyme

recessive trait

no enzyme at all

recessive trait

multiple alleles can be found while studying

population

starch synthesis in pea shows ______ type of dominance

complete dominance

starch grain size in pea shows _____ type of dominance

incomplete dominance

dominance is not a/an_______ feature

autonomous

_____ depends on the gene product and production o a particular phenotype from this product

dominance

no of genotypes obtained in F2 generation of dihybrid cross

9

no of phenotypes obtained in F2 generation of dihybrid cross

4

scientist who rediscovered mendel’s work

hugo de vries, von tschermak, correns

scientist who concluded that behaviour of chromosomes is parallel to behaviour of genes

walter sutton and theodore boveri

independent pair segregate independently

chromosomes

one pair segregates independently of another pair

gene

who united the knowledge of chromosomal segregation with Mendelian principles and called it chromosomal theory of inheritance

sutton

experimental verification of chromosomal theory of inheritance was done by

thomas hunt morgan

morgan carried out several ____ crosses on fruit flies

dihybrid cross

law of dominance and law of segregation was given after

monohybrid cross

law of independent assortment was given after

dihybrid cross

exception to law of independent assortment

linkage

closely linked in fruit flies

body colour and eye colour

loosely linked characters in fruit flies

eye colour and wing size

ex of polygenic inheritance

skin colour

ex of pleiotropy

phenylketonuria

this disease manifests itself phenotypically -mental retardation, hair reduction, skin pigmentation

phenylketonuria

x chromosomes discovered by

henking

sex determination in insects

XO type

ex of XO sex determination

grasshopper

male heterogamety is seen in

insects and mammals

female heterogamety seen in

birds

in bees sperm and egg develops into

queen or worker

in bees Unfertilised egg develops into

male / drone

in bees males develop by the process of

parthenogenesis

_____ are commonly observed in cancer cells

chromosomal aberrations

change in single base pair of DNA results in

point mutation

deletion or insertion of base pair of DNA causes

frameshift mutation

what does this symbol mean?

male

what does this symbol mean?

female

what does this symbol mean?

sex unspecified

what does this symbol mean?

mating

what does this symbol mean?

mating between relatives

what does this symbol mean?

parents with male child affected

colour blindless results due to defect in

green and red cone

____ % of male are colour blind

8

____ % of female are colour blind

0.4

sickle cell anaemia is an example of

pleiotropy

sickle cell anaemia is caused by substitution of glutamic acid with valine at which position

6th

GAG

glutamic acid

GUG

valine

sickle cell anaemia is caused by the mutation in which chain of RBC

β chain

the inborn error in metabolism inherited as autosomal recessive trait

phenylketonuria

which enzyme converts phenylalanine to tyrosine

phenyl alanine hydroxylase

accumulation of ___ in brain causes mental retardation

phenylpyruvic acid

which disease has the symptoms as : mental retardation, skin pigmentation and reduction of hair

phenylketonuria

autosomal recessive disease in which due to some mutation or deletion results in reduced rate of synthesis of globin chains

thalassemia

anemia is the characteristic of which disease

thalassemia

which type of thalassemia is controlled by two closely related genes of HBA 1 and HBA 2

α-thalassemia

which type of thalassemia is controlled by single gene HBB

β-thalassemia

genes for α-thalassemia is present on____ chromosome of each parent

16

genes for β-thalassemia is present on____ chromosome of each parent

11

quantitative anemia

thalassemia

qualitative anemia

sickle cell anemia

failure of segregation of chromatids during cell division resulting in the gain or loss of chromosomes

aneuploidy

failure of cytokinesis after the telophase stage of cell division result in an increase in a whole set of chromosomes in an organism

polyploidy

trisomy of chromosome 21 was 1st described by

langdon down

short statured, small round head, furrowed tongue, partially opened mouth, flat head, broad palm with characteristic palm crease, physical, psychomotor and mental development is retarded, born with congenital heart disease, many loops on fingers, big wrinkled tongue

down’s syndrome

47, XXY

klinefelter’s syndrome

44+XXY

klinefelter’s syndrome

overall masculine development, gynecomastia, sterile

klinefelter’s syndrome

45,XO

turner’s syndrome

44+XO

turner’s syndrome

rudimentary ovaries, lack of secondary sexual characters and sterile

turner’s syndrome