Unit 5: Revolutions and Industrialization (1750-1900)

Enlightenment

Intellectual movement emphasizing reason and individualism.

John Locke

Philosopher advocating social contract theory.

Montesquieu

Promoted separation of powers in government.

Voltaire

Advocated for freedom of speech and religion.

American Revolution

Caused by British control and taxation issues.

French Revolution

Driven by economic crisis and class inequalities.

Haitian Revolution

Resulted from slavery and desire for independence.

Latin American Revolutions

Fueled by Creole discontent and economic autonomy.

Jamaica Letter

Simon Bolivar's vision for Latin American independence.

Industrial Revolution

Shift to machine-based production for efficiency.

Technological advancements

Steam engine innovations spurred industrial growth.

Interchangeable parts

Enabled assembly line production efficiency.

Capitalism rise

Increased wealth through industrial production.

Urbanization

Population shift from rural to urban areas.

Ottoman Empire

Declined due to failure to industrialize.

Muhammad Ali

Initiated industrialization in Egypt.

Meiji Restoration

Japan's modernization and westernization efforts.

Labor unions

Organizations aimed at protecting workers' rights.

Socialism

Economic theory developed by Karl Marx.

Self-strengthening movement

China's modernization while retaining Confucian values.

Working class

Factory workers during the Industrial Age.

Middle class

Educated individuals with comfortable lifestyles.

Upper class

Factory owners and wealthy industrialists.

Women's roles

Lower-class women worked; others focused on domestic duties.

Lifestyle changes

Factory conditions led to health issues and urban migration.

Standard of living

Increased for middle-class during industrialization.