BIOL 145 FA25 Final Exam Study Guide 4

A comprehensive set of 40 vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from the BIOL 145 FA25 exam study guide.

Skeletal System

The organ system that gives the body its shape and supports, protects, and aids in movement.

Long Bone

A type of bone that is longer than it is wide and contains a shaft and two ends.

Muscle Contraction

The activation of tension-generating sites within muscle fibers.

Nervous System

The system that receives stimuli and conducts impulses throughout the body.

Neuron

A nerve cell that transmits electrical signals throughout the nervous system.

Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potential

A change in membrane potential that makes a neuron more likely to fire an action potential.

Inhibitory Post-Synaptic Potential

A change in membrane potential that makes a neuron less likely to fire an action potential.

Sensory Neurons

Nerve cells that transmit sensory information to the central nervous system.

Lipids

Fatty compounds that are insoluble in water and serve as long-term energy storage.

Proteins

Large biomolecules composed of amino acids that perform various functions in organisms.

Nucleic Acids

Biomolecules that store and transmit genetic information.

Protein Structure

The organization of a protein into primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels.

ATP

A molecule that provides energy for cellular processes.

Diffusion

The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Osmosis

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Feedback Loops

The processes by which the body maintains homeostasis via negative and positive feedback mechanisms.