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Declaration of Independence
Declared independence from Great Britain
Declaration of Independence gets its power from:
the people
Purpose of the Declaration of Independence:
colonists wanted to be free of England for many reasons
Declaration of Independence signed and approved:
July 4th 1776
Declaration of Independence was written by:
Thomas Jefferson
Popular Sovereignty:
a government can only get its power from the people
Constitution was completed and signed:
Sept. 17th 1787
Father of Constitution:
James Madison
Great Compromise:
Settled how to choose members of congress, small and large states got what they wanted. One house based on population and one based on equal representation.
Preamble of the Constitution:
stated belief govt gets its powers from the people
Article I,II, and III of the constitution:
established principle of separation of powers, outlines legislative, executive and judicial branches
Bill of Rights:
1st 10 amendments
Federalism:
divides power between national and state governments
Separation of Powers:
divided government into 3 separate but equal branches
Reserved Powers:
Powers given to states, federal govt cannot have these powers
Concurrent Powers:
powers given to both state and federal govt
Exclusive powers:
powers only given to national govt, print money
Delegated Powers:
powers given to congress in Article I of the constitution
How often MUST Congress meet?
At least once a year
Ex Post Facto Laws
to make an act illegal after the act was done and prosecute someone for it
Writ of Habeas Corpus
protects against unjust indefinite imprisonment
Number of Senators, How is number set?
100, 2 from each state
Senate Requirements and term:
30 years old, citizen for 9 years, 6 year term
Number of Reps in House of Reps, How is number set?
435, number per state based on state population
House of Reps Requirements and term
25 years old, citizen for 7 years, 2 year term
Who presides over the Senate?
vice president or president pro tempore
Who presides over the House?
speaker of the house
Electoral College elects:
the president
How voting with the Electoral College works:
the winner of the state's popular vote receives all of the states electoral votes
Something the president CANNOT do (presidential myth):
declare war
Cabinet:
heads of executive departments, advise the president, appointed by the president and approved by the senate
Requirements for President:
35 years only, live in the US for 14 years, Natural Born Citizen
Presidential Powers:
commander in chief, recognize other nations
Duties of V.P.
main duty is to take the place of the president if necessary
Who chooses judges?
appointed by president and approved by the senate
Judge term:
serve for life as long as they are in “good behavior”
Judicial Review:
courts power to review legislative and executive actions, established by Marbury v Madison
Brown v. Board of Ed Topeka KS:
overruled laws stating segregation was legal
Three types of Courts:
district courts, court of appeals, supreme court
Treason
Making war against US or aiding enemy, must confess in open court or have two eyewitnesses testify against them to be convicted
1st Amendment Protections:
freedom of express self, disagree and criticize the govt, and to observe any religion one wishes
4th Amendment Protections
protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures by the govt
5th Amendment Protections
cannot be forced to testify against yourself, cannot be charged for the same crime twice
6th Amendment Protections
right to speedy and public trial by impartial jury
10th Amendment Protections
Powers not given to congress and not forbidden to the states are powers reserved to the states (reserved powers)
13th Amendment Protections
Prohibited slavery and involuntary servitude
14th Amendment Protections
all people born in the US are citizens
16th Amendment Protections
congress has the power to levy and collect taxes (income taxes)
18th Amendment
prohibited the making, sale or consumption of alcohol, prohibition
21st Amendment Protections
repealed the 18th amendment, allowing the making, sale, and consumption of alcohol legal
22nd Amendment Protections
Presidents are limited to 2 terms