Chapter 8 Practice Test

Water makes up approximately ___% of an adult individual's body weight and is the most indispensable nutrient of all. Satiety and _______ govern water intake. The brain center known as the ___________________ helps in initiating the sensation of thirst.

60, thirst, hypothalamus

The water generated in the tissues during the chemical breakdown of energy-yielding nutrients in foods is known as __________ water.

a. distilled water

b. ionic water

c. hard water

d. metabolic water

d. metabolic water

The body's proteins and some of its mineral salts prevent changes in the acid-base balance of its fluids by serving as __________.

a. electrolytes

b. ions

c. solutes

d. buffers

d. buffers

A deficiency in which nutrient may cause a diabetes-like condition in which insulin activity is limited?

a. chromium

b. iron

c. zinc

d. magnesium

a. chromium

A friend informs you she has pre-hypertension. She is advised to limit her salt intake but doesn't know how. She asks you for advice. What is the best advice you can give your friend on how to reduce her salt intake?

a. Tell her to limit her intake of processed and fast foods.

b. Tell her to stop eating fruits high in carbohydrate content.

c. Let her know the best way to control her salt intake is to get rid of all milk products.

d. Tell her to limit her water intake to balance out the salt intake.

a. Tell her to limit her intake of processed and fast foods.

______________ is by far the most abundant mineral in the body; nearly 99% is stored in bones and teeth. The chief mineral used to maintain fluid volume outside of the cell and a key regulator of electrolytes is ___________. The major positive ion inside cells is ___________________, which plays vital roles in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance and cell integrity. _____________________ is part of the DNA and RNA of every cell and is the principal component of cellular membranes.

Calcium, sodium, potassium, Phosphorus

he DRI for sodium for healthy people is set at _______________ but __________ is the adequate intake for adults.

2,300 mg, 1,500 mg

The trace mineral that is a vital component of hemoglobin in red blood cells and myoglobin in muscle cells is ____________.

a. iodine

b. zinc

c. chromium

d. iron

d. iron

Thyroxine activity is dependent on ___________, a trace mineral that regulates basal metabolic rate, and low amounts can result in a goiter.

a. iodine

b. selenium

c. iron

d. zinc

a. iodine

Water intake is important to make up for the daily water loss through evaporation of sweat, water vapor in exhaled breath, urine, and feces. Therefore, a person must consume at least the same amount of water that is lost each day to maintain ___________.

a. BMI

b. water balance

c. lean body mass

d. acid-base balance

b. water balance

A diet low in ___________ and vitamin D can increase the risk of developing osteoporosis.

a. phosphorus

b. vitamin C

c. calcium

d. sodium

c. calcium

The trace mineral _____ works as a cofactor for many antioxidant enzymes that prevent oxidative damage to cells and tissues by preventing free radical damage.

a. iron

b. zinc

c. phosphorus

d. selenium

d. selenium

What is a cofactor for more than 2,700 enzymes, a deficiency of which can cause delayed sexual maturation and growth retardation?

a. iron

b. zinc

c. fluoride

d. selenium

b. zinc

An extreme and possibly dangerous strategy for wrestlers to lose weight prior to "weigh in" is to reduce water intake and find ways to lose water weight quickly. Water loss can often be expressed as a percentage of body weight. How much water weight in pounds would a wrestler weighing 180 lbs lose if he lost 2% of his body weight?

a. 1.8 lbs

b. 2.2 lbs

c. 3.6 lbs

d. 4.1 lbs

c. 3.6 lbs

One percent of calcium is found in body fluids, which plays all the following major roles EXCEPT ___________.

a. muscle contraction

b. maintains normal blood pressure

c. maintains steady heartbeat

d. blood clotting

c. maintains steady heartbeat