Topic 5.1. Meiosis 1 and 2

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45 Terms

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Meiosis
________ occurs in the sex organs producing gametes- sperm and aegg.
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Homologous chromosomes
________ are matched in: similar length, centromere position (attaches sister chromatids together), and gene locations (locus)
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Telophase
________ I and Cytokinesis- duplicated chromosomes have reached the poles.
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Fertilization
________ is the fusion of a sperm and egg cell.
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Centrioli
________ move to opposite poles, forming spindle fibers between them.
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nuclear envelope
A(n) ________ and nucleolus re- forms around chromosomes.
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Telophase II
________- daughter chromosomes had reached the poles.
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Interphase
________- cell build up energy, DNA Replication (to make duplicated chromosomes, and cell doesnt change structurally.
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Nucleus
________- chromosomes coil and become individual chromosomes, nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappear.
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Metaphase II
________- Individual duplicated chromosomes align on the equator.
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Synapsis
________- the pairing of homologous chromosomes.
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Cytokinesis
________ (when cytoplasm divides) divides cell into two.
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zygote
The ________ has a diploid chromosome number, one set from each parent.
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Anaphase II
________- spindle fibers contract.
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Anaphase
________ I- spindle fibers contract, homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles.
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A Trisomy
________ 21- involves the inheritance of three copies of chromosome 21 and is the most common human chromosome abnormality.
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Prophase II
________- chromosomes coil and become compact (if uncoiled after telophase I) Nuclear envelope and nucleolus, if re- formed, disappears again.
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Haploid cells
________ have 1 set of chromosomes.
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sister chromatids
Non- ________ exchange genetic material through the process of crossing over to ensure genetic variation.
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Cell
________ invaginates forming a cleavage furrow, which extends to for 2 separate haploid cells.
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Locus
________- is the position of a gene.
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Meiosis results
________ in four cells which are genetically different from parent cell and from each other.
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Telophase
________ I- nuclear envelope reappear and spindle fibers disappear.
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Meiosis
________- the process to make cells with half the number of chromosomes for sexual reproduction.
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Homologous chromosomes
________ come together as pairs by synapsis forming a tetrad (each pair with 4 chromatids)
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Meiosis
________ is a process that converts diploid nuclei to haploid nuclei.
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Meiosis
________ occurs in our germ cells that produce gametes (sperm and egg)
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Meiosis
________ has two distinct stages.
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Homologous chromosomes are matched in
similar length, centromere position(attaches sister chromatids together), and gene locations (locus)
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Locus
is the position of a gene
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Meiosis
the process to make cells with half the number of chromosomes for sexual reproduction
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Meiosis occurs in the sex organs producing gametes
sperm and aegg
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Interphase
cell build up energy, DNA Replication (to make duplicated chromosomes, and cell doesnt change structurally
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Nucleus
chromosomes coil and become individual chromosomes, nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappear
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Synapsis
the pairing of homologous chromosomes
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Metaphase I
homologous pairs of chromosomes align along he equator of the cell
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Anaphase I
spindle fibers contract, homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles
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Telophase I
nuclear envelope reappear and spindle fibers disappear
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Telophase I and Cytokinesis
duplicated chromosomes have reached the poles
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Prophase II
chromosomes coil and become compact (if uncoiled after telophase I) Nuclear envelope and nucleolus, if re-formed, disappears again
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Metaphase II
Individual duplicated chromosomes align on the equator
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Anaphase II
spindle fibers contract
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Telophase II
daughter chromosomes had reached the poles
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Results of Meiosis
gametes (egg and sperm) form, four haploid cells (n) with one copy of each chromosome, one allele for each gene, and different combinations of alleles for different genes along the chromosome
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A. Trisomy 21
involves the inheritance of three copies of chromosome 21 and is the most common human chromosome abnormality