Ap Bio Test Cell Organelles

What are the three main points of cell theory?

1. All living things are made of cells.

2. All life functions occur in cells.

3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

What is the basic unit of life?

The cell.

What is a prokaryotic cell?

A cell with no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles; DNA floats in cytoplasm.

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Name three features unique to plant cells.

Cell wall, chloroplasts, large central vacuole.

Name two features unique to animal cells.

Centrioles and lysosomes.

What is the cytoplasm?

Jelly-like fluid that fills the cell, holds organelles, and is the site of chemical reactions.

What is the cytoskeleton?

A network of protein filaments that gives the cell structure and moves organelles.

Name the three types of cytoskeleton fibers.

Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments.

What does the nucleus do?

Stores DNA and controls gene expression.

What do ribosomes do?

Make proteins.

What is the function of mitochondria?

Produce ATP (cell energy).

Difference between Rough ER and Smooth ER?

Rough ER has ribosomes and makes proteins; Smooth ER makes lipids and breaks down toxins.

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.

What do vesicles and vacuoles do?

Store and transport materials in the cell.

Function of lysosomes/peroxisomes?

Break down waste, toxins, and old organelles.

Function of centrioles?

Organize chromosomes during cell division.

What is the plasma membrane made of?

Phospholipid bilayer (hydrophilic heads

What is the Fluid Mosaic Model?

The membrane is flexible and has moving components.

Main function of the plasma membrane?

Controls what enters and leaves the cell.

What is passive transport?

Movement of substances across a membrane without energy.

Examples of passive transport?

Diffusion and osmosis.

What is active transport?

Movement of substances across a membrane using energy.

Example of active transport?

Sodium-potassium pump.

What is endocytosis?

Cell takes in materials (pinocytosis = liquids, phagocytosis = solids)

What is exocytosis?

Cell releases materials outside.

What is ATP?

The main energy molecule used by cells.

Difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Aerobic requires oxygen; anaerobic does not.

Which way does water move?

From high water potential (Ψ) to low water potential.