Rural Appraisal Methods

Flashcards generated from lecture notes on Rural Appraisal Methods.

Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA)

A systematic but semi-structured activity out in the field by a multidisciplinary team is called __.

Multidisciplinary

___ is a research team with members from different fields of study.

Rapid Rural Appraisal

A method of obtaining quantitative data in a short time frame is a technique of _.

focus-group interviewing

Techniques of Rapid Rural Appraisal include group interview techniques, including .

Participatory Development

The method by which individuals and groups of a community normally solve problems, achieve goals, and in turn better their lives is ___.

sources, traditions

PRA as it exists in the early 1990s has evolved from, draws on and resonates with several _ and __.

RRA (Rapid Rural Appraisal)

PRA was developed from Rapid Appraisal Methods that emerged in the late 1970s under various names, mainly _.

analysis, learning

PRA field exercise is not only for information and idea generation, but it is about ___ and ___ by local people.

empowers

PRA basically aims at a process that _ local people to change their own conditions and situations.

Participatory Rural Appraisal

__ is a participatory research technique used to plan and assess development projects and programs.

analyze

PRA enables rural people to share, enhance, and _ their knowledge of life and conditions, to plan and to act.

holistic

A purpose of conducting PRA is to gain a more _ understanding of the local situation and ground realities.

outsiders, local people

Two categories of people involved with PRA are _ and _.

Off setting Biases and triangulating

Three Principles of PRA are Optimal Ignorance, Seeking Diversity, and _.

optimal ignorance

In order to minimize the cost & time, the principle of _ is applied by the facilitator.

Triangulation

___ involves using a range of methods, types of information, discipline to cross check the data.

Deductive PRA

Three Kinds of PRA are Exploratory PRA, Topical PRA, and _.

Needs assessment, Feasibility studies

PRA can be used for general analysis of a specific topic, question, or problem; _ and _.

disciplines, Insiders

Key features of the PRA include Triangulation, Different , and _/ outsiders

qualitative

PRA seeks diversity and differences in a _ sense rather than simplifying complexity to quantitative averages and statistical figures.

criteria, categories

PRA is cumulative learning from, with, and by local people, eliciting and using their _ and _.

analysis, interpretation

Involving local people in the PRA survey to greatly facilitate understanding, , and of collected data.

perceptions, attitudes

PRA is directed towards changes in , , and readiness to contemplate actions.

Empowerment

Benefits of PRA methods include _ of the local people, Securing active involvement of the community, and Diversification and appreciation of local knowledge

exact, right

Some typical limitations of PRA include Difficulty in getting _ information, Difficulty in finding the _ questions to ask, andNot enough time to spend in the village

women, open, farm work

Some typical limitations of PRA include Overlooking opinions and demands of , particularly by male team members, Lack of institutional support and an learning environment within organizations, and Villagers are occupied with __.

Plan of Work

An outline of activities so arranged as to enable efficient execution of the entire programme is the _.

Aim

A Broad objective is a _ statement of direction and may have several objectives.

Problem

An issue or obstacle which make it difficult to achieve a desired goal, objective or purpose is the _.

Principle

Statement of policy to guide decision and actions in a consistent manner are _.

extend

Evaluation is process of determining _ to which objectives have been attained.

attained

Planning is the process by which managers establish goals and define the methods by which these goals are to be _.

Standing Plans

Two types of Plans are Hierarchical Plans and _.

events

The phrase 'extension programme' means a proclamation, a prospectus, a list of _, a plan of procedure, a course of action prepared or announced before hand, a logical sequence of operations to be performed in solving a problem.

Rural

___ development is a process of transformation from traditionally oriented rural culture towards an acceptance and reliance on science and technology.

social

Two principles of Extension Programme Planning are an educational process and a _ action process

continuous

The programme planning process is regarded as a _ activity, which includes lay people and the extension staff who contribute in identification of problems, making decisions about common wants and needs, setting up of objectives and taking action to achieve the objectives

families, families

Basic information about the village includes that are needed for data collection include Total number of, Number of farm _, and Other main occupations of the village

Plan of work

_means the listing of activities by which the objectives determined are to be achieved.

time

A calendar of work is a _table for the various activities to be carried out in the plan of work.

extent

“Evaluation” is the process of determining the _ to which we have been able to attain our objectives

standards, information

Three essential steps in programme evaluation are Setting up of some , Collection of , Making judgment and drawing conclusion

clarification, Be attuned to and reflect

One principle of active listening is to Request _ and _ feeling.

leader

__is a person who influences a group of people towards the achievement of a goal.

followers

In the Greek language, a leader is the beginner of any activity and work is finished by the __.

initiative, fairness

Two qualities of a leader are _ and _.

Workshop Method

Two methods to Identify Potential Leaders are Discussion Method and _.

Democratic

Three Leadership Styles are Autocratic Leadership, _ Leadership, and Laissez faire leadership