Comprehensive Biology Review: Phyla, Evolution, and Key Characteristics

which characteristics is NOT unique to mammals?

complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

what characterizes the tetrapod clade

lives on land, has four limbs

The nonvascular plant clades require liquid water for fertilization during sexual reproduction because

flagellated sperm must swim to fertilize the egg

which of the following groups is currently considered most closely related to chordates despite having re-evolved radial symmetry

echinoderms

the body cavity of coelomate animals develops within the

mesoderm

what is a spillover event

when a virus evolves the ability to infect a new host.

your biology professor is throwing a party and only opisthotonos are invited. the guest list would surely include

fungi

which of the following is NOT a key advantage provided by the exoskeleton of terrestrial arthropods

it grows with the arthropod throughout its life

an unknown organisms can be excluded from classification as a fungus if it

has chlorophyll and cell walls made of cellulose

which is not potential strategy to combat a human virus such as SARS COv-2

phage therapy

in general what is the primary ecological role of prokaryotes

adding methane to the atmosphere

parasitizing eukaryotes, this causing diseases

breaking down organic matter

metabolizing materials in extreme environments

what is the main difference between amphibians and reptiles

amphibians are tied to water for reproduction, while reptiles have amniotic eggs that can survive on dry land

which of these is not a common fungal pathogen of plants

ringworm

the platypus and the echidna are the only modern mammals that lay eggs. to which subgroup do they belong?

monotromes

a vision typically consists of which of the three components

capsid, mitochondrion's, nucleic acid core

which of the following structures is not found in bryophytes

seeds

not all plants have seeds what advantage do seeds provide a plant

plants with seeds are not dependent on water for reproduction

what happened during the Cambrian explosion

most living phyla of animals rapidly appear in the fossil record

nematodes are arthropods both

are ecdysozoans

endosymbiotic theory accounts for the origin of which components of a eukaryotic cell

mitochondria

poison ivy is a eudicot and wheat is a monocot, both of these groups are

angiosperms

how do members of the bony fish clade regulate buoyancy

by constantly swimming at an upwards angle

viruses replicate outside a host cell

true

what do fungi and arthropods have in common

both groups use polysaccharide chitin for support

the seeds in angiosperms are

protected by a tight cluster of woody scales

which of the following was derived from an ancestral cyanobacterium

chloroplast

All ecdysozoans are protostomes

true

a trend seen throughout the evolution of the land plants is for the sporophyte generation to become____ and more independent of the gametophyte and the gametophyte generation to become___ and more dependent on the sporophyte.

increased; reduced

which of the following is correctly described as a primary producer

diatom

in land plants and some algae the sporophyte and gametophyte exhibit different levels of policy, sporophytes are___whereas gametophytes are ___

diploid; haploid

as you stroll through a most forest, you are most likely to see a

gametophyte of a moss

an organisms that exhibits a head with sensory structures/tissues and a brain probably also

is bilaterally symmetrical

prokaryotes do not have a nucleus

true

all eukaryotes that are not plants, fungi, or animals have traditionally been called

protists

which land plant clade has the greatest number of species

angiosperms

what characteristics do plants, algae, and some bacteria have in common that is not shared with fungi or animals

they are photosynthetic

the last common ancestor or fungi and animals was most likely a

multicellular photosynthetic prokaryote

what trait is unique to mammals

secretion of fluid milk from mammary glands

green algae differ from land plants in that some green algae

are unicellular

which of the following is NOT a feature common to most animals

asexual reproduction

fungal mycelia are made of bundles of threadlike

hyphae

while mosses can cover a significant area of land they are never more than a few centimeters tall. Why do they not grow tall

they have no vascular system for support and water transport over long distances

serial repetition of segments is a defining characteristics of which worm phylum

segmented worms

which is a shared derived character of animals belonging to the bilateral clade

three embryonic germ layers

jawless fishes include

hagfish and lamprey

without fungi, human civilizations would not have

penicillin, wine, bread, beer

fungi usually ___ their foods

ingests

ecological roles of fungi include

animals pathogens or parasites,

plant pathogens or parasites

decomposers

mutualistic associations with other organisms

which of the most recent plant adaptations to have evolved

flowers

how many of the animal phyla include unicellular animals

1

which is not a member of the amniote clade

apoda

the heartworms that can accumulate within the hearts of dogs and other mammals have a pseudocoelum an alimentary canals and an outer covering that is occasionally shed. to which phylum does the heart worm belong

roundworms

which is not a member of the amniote clade

apoda (legless amphibians called caecilians)

according to the endosymbiotic theory of the original of eukaryotic cells, from what did mitochondria originates

alpha-proteobacteria

which of these is not a common fungal pathogen of humans

chestnut blight