Cells and LIfe

chromosomes

coiled up DNA

body cells

ex: skin cells, blood cells, muscle cells

sex cells

ex: eggs, sperm

gametes

fancy term that means sex cells: eggs or sperm

haploid

cells thqt have HAlf of the chromosomes of an organism

diploid

cells that have the full number of chromosomes

daughter cell

name for a cell that results from cell division

mitosis

division of the nucleus of a cell

meiosis

cell division resulting in 4 haploid cells

crossing over

during meiosis chromosomes trade information before division

prokaryotic

cells with unorganized DNA and no nucleus. Ex: bacteria

eukaryotic

cells with DNA organized in chromosomes, nucleus. Ex: plant and animal cells

stem cells

cells that still have the ability to turn into any type of cell

tissue

group of same type of cells that work together

organ

group of tissues that work together

organ system

group of organs that work together

cell membrane

soft outer barrier of cell, lets things in and out and protects cell.

cell wall

rigid structure found outside of the cell membrane in plant cells. Provides structure and protection

mitochondria

cell part that provides energy for the cell. Found in plant and animal cells

vacuole

cell part that holds water. This is much larger in plant cells than in animal cells.

chloroplast

solar panel for plant cells - captures sunlight for energy

karyotype

picture of someone’s chromosomes all laid out for study

XX

sex chromosomes for female

XY

sex chromosomes for male

interphase

part of mitosis where cell grows, does its job, and makes a copy of DNA to prepare for dividing

46

number of chromosomes before and after mitosis

replication

fancy name for DNA copying itself before cell division

cytokinesis

division of the cytoplasm of the cell, happens after mitiosis