Review of Inflammation & Repair

A set of flashcards based on key concepts from the lecture notes on inflammation and repair for exam preparation.

What is the purpose of the inflammatory response?

To deliver necessary components to the injury site, isolate the injury, destroy microbes and toxins, and remove debris for repair.

What are the ‘5 Rs’ of inflammation?

Recognition, Recruitment, Removal, Regulation, Repair.

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation according to Celsus?

Calor (heat), Rubor (redness), Tumor (swelling), and Dolor (pain).

What characterizes acute inflammation?

Early onset, short duration, predominance of neutrophils.

What characterizes chronic inflammation?

Later onset, longer duration, and predominance of lymphocytes and macrophages.

What are the major features of acute inflammation?

Changes in vascular flow, increased permeability, and recruitment of leukocytes.

What is chemotaxis in the context of inflammation?

The process by which neutrophils move towards the site of injury following a chemokine gradient.

How does acute inflammation lead to edema?

Increased vascular permeability leads to fluid-rich exudate escaping into extravascular tissues.

What are the morphological patterns of acute inflammation?

Serous, Fibrinous, Purulent (suppurative), and Ulcerative inflammation.

What is a granuloma?

A focus of chronic inflammation consisting of macrophages transformed into epithelium-like cells, surrounded by lymphocytes.

What are the common causes of chronic inflammation?

Progression from non-resolving acute inflammation, persistent infection, prolonged exposure to toxic agents, and autoimmunity.

What is the difference between healing by regeneration and scar formation?

Regeneration restores normal tissue architecture, while scar formation involves collagen deposition in damaged or non-regenerable tissues.

What is fibrosis?

The excessive deposition of collagen in response to chronic inflammation or tissue necrosis.

What are the steps in scar tissue formation after inflammation?

Inflammation, cellular proliferation, granulation tissue formation, connective tissue deposition, and wound contraction.

What is histologically notable about the macrophage in chronic inflammation?

It is the dominant cell type and plays key roles in phagocytosis, tissue repair initiation, and inflammatory mediator secretion.

List some conditions that may result from abnormalities in wound healing and repair.

Wound dehiscence, ulceration, hypertrophic scars, keloids, and contractures.

What is the role of myofibroblasts in wound healing?

They are involved in wound contraction, helping to reduce the size of large surface wounds.

What is the significance of the term 'itis' in pathology?

It is a suffix used to denote inflammation, such as in appendicitis.