Lecture Notes on Historical Events and Concepts

These flashcards cover key historical events, figures, and concepts related to genocide, Prohibition, political leaders, military strategies, governmental powers, and conscription.

What is genocide?

Genocide is the intentional act to destroy a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group, evidenced by events like the Holocaust from 1941 to 1945.

Theocracy

A type of government where religious leaders are in a charge and laws are based on religion. (Ex. Iran:since 1979) It shows how religion can control people's lives

What were the negative effects of Prohibition (1916-1930s)?

Prohibition attempted to stop alcohol consumption, but it led to organized crime.

Who was William Lyon Mackenzie King?

William Lyon Mackenzie King was the Canadian Prime Minister who led the country during the Great Depression and World War II.

What was Blitzkrieg?

Blitzkrieg was a fast and powerful method of attack used by Germany during 1939-1945, involving tanks, planes, and soldiers to quickly conquer countries.

Define fascism.

Fascism is a type of government with total control where people have few rights; it led to dictatorships, wars, and oppression during the 1920s to 1940s.

What is the War Measures Act?

The War Measures Act is a Canadian law that grants the government special powers during wartime or emergencies, enacted during WWI and WWII.

What is conscription?

Conscription is when the government forces people to join the military, notably occurring in Canada in 1917 and 1944, which led to protests as many did not want to fight.

Iranian Revolution

An uprising in Iran (1978-1979) that overthrew the Shah and replaced the monarchy with an Islamic government. Key impacts included:

• Ending the Iranian monarchy

• Creating an Islamic Republic

• Reducing Western influence

Baby boom

Very high birth rates after WWII (1946-1964) led to rapid population growth, increased economic growth

Japanese internment

The Canadian government forced Japanese Canadians into internment camps, taking away their property (1942-1949) led to violation of civil rights and later led to government apologies and compensation for Japanese Canadians

Main causes of WWI

Militarism - built up huge armies

Alliances - Countries working together

Imperialism - Nations competing for resources

Nationalism - strong pride in a country

Assassination - the killing of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria Hungary

What is the great depression

An economic crises in the 1930s with high unemployment and poverty

Main causes of great depression

Stock market crash (1929)

Bank failures

Factory overproduction

Weak global economy

What is the treaty of Versailles

A 1919 peace treaty that ended WWI and punished Germany

Three key terms of treaty of Versailles

Military Restriction to Germany

Territorial Loses

Reparations(they had to pay for war damage)

Why did Germany feel the treaty of Versailles was unfair

They didn't feel fully responsible for WWI. It contributed to WWII because it made Germany angry and poor helping Hitler rise to power

Canada's response to Jewish refugees

Canada mostly refused Jewish refugees during the he 30s and WWII because of widespread anti-jew prejudice

WWII Alliances

Allies: Britain, France, USA, Soviet Union, Canada

Axis: Germany, Italy, Japan

What was Canada's role in D Day(Normandy)

Canada landed on Juno Beach helping the Allies advance into Europe

10 stages of genocide

1. Classification

2. Symbolization

3. Discrimination

4. Preparation

5. Persecution

6. Extermination

7. Denial

Which genocides did we learn about

Rwandan genocide, Cambodian genocide, Holocaust, Armenian genocide, Stalin purges, Former Yugoslavia ethnic cleansing

Who was killed in Rwandan genocide

The Tutsi

Who was killed in the Cambodian genocide

Cambodian citizens

Who was killed in the Holocaust

Jews

Who was killed in the Armenian genocide

Armenians

Who was killed in Stalin Purges

Anyone who seemed disloyal

Who got killed in “ethnic cleansing” former Yugoslavia

Anyone not Muslim

What is propaganda

Propaganda is biased/misleading information used to influence people's opinions or actions

WWI propaganda examples

Recruitment posters and enemy demonization

What is Quebec Separatism

A movement by french speaking Quebecois to make Quebec independent from Canada mainly in the 1960s

2 new inventions from the 1920s

TV and Refrigerator

How did the TV effect daily life

People spent more time at home because of entertainment and a new way for people to get information

How the Refrigerator effects daily life

Made every day life more convenient by food lasting longer, less foodborne illness (safety)

What was the purpose of residential schools

To assimilate indigenous children by erasing their culture and language

Residental school conditions

Poor living conditions many kids died because of health issues that weren't checked. It was also abusive and harsh

Government Goals of residential schools

Assimilate indigenous peoples and eliminate their culture

When did the last residential school close

1996

Why residential schools history matter today

It still has an impact on indigenous communities, intergenerational trauma, distrust in the government

Baby boom and suburbs defenition

After WWII large increase in birth rates. Family residential area outside the cities

Social impact from baby boom

More kids so more schools with so many kids it influenced trends. Reshaped family life and daily routines

Birth rate and importance

Number of babies born in a population per 1000 people. Shows population growth or decline helps plan for community plans

Cold war

A period of tension and rivalry between the US and USSR with no direct fighting (1947-1991)

Cold war causes

Political differences US supported democracy, the USSR supports communism. Post WWII power struggle, US and USSR wanted to control Europe

3 major events of the cold war

Berlin Airlift, Cuban missile crisis, Fall of Berlin Wall

Berlin Airlift

(1948-1949) The US and allies supplied West Berlin when the USSR blocked access

Cuban Missile Crisis

(1962) A standoff between the US and USSR over nuclear missiles in Cuba

Fall of Berlin Wall

(1989) Symbolized the end of Cold war divisions in Europe

WWII Canada's economy industry changes

Factories started producing more war materials (weapons, ammo, planes)

WWII Canada's economy employment change

More jobs opened up, more women in the workforce

Why WWII ended the great depression

Raised income giving people more money to spend, created more jobs allowing a restart in the economy