Chapter 5

What are the main tissue types that compose the epidermis?

The epidermis is primarily composed of stratified squamous epithelium and keratinocytes.

What are the major layers of the epidermis?

The major layers of the epidermis are stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.

What is the main function of the stratum corneum?

The stratum corneum acts as a protective barrier of dead, durable, and expendable cells.

What type of connective tissue is the dermis composed of?

The dermis is composed of strong, flexible dense irregular connective tissue.

What are the two layers of the dermis?

The two layers of the dermis are the papillary layer and the reticular layer.

Describe the main function of the hypodermis.

The hypodermis anchors the skin to underlying organs and is mainly composed of adipose tissue.

What factors contribute to skin color?

Skin color is influenced by the amount of melanin produced, genetics, and exposure to sunlight.

What are the functions of sebaceous glands?

Sebaceous glands produce oil (sebum) that softens and lubricates hair and skin.

What is the difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?

Eccrine glands are distributed body-wide and function in temperature regulation, while apocrine glands are localized to axillary and pubic areas and are activated by stress.

What are the three main types of skin cancer?

The three main types of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma.

What is the Rule of Nines used for?

The Rule of Nines is used to approximate the extent of burns and the surface area involved.

What are the warning signs of melanoma?

Warning signs of melanoma include asymmetry, irregular borders, color variation, diameter larger than 6mm, and elevation above skin surface.

What are the typical injection sites mentioned in the lecture?

The typical injection sites are intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous.

What are the characteristics of a first-degree burn?

A first-degree burn damages only the epidermis and is characterized by redness, pain, and swelling.

What is a common symptom of melanoma?

A common symptom of melanoma is a mole that shows changes in size, shape, color, or elevation.

What is keratin?

Keratin is a fibrous protein that forms the structural basis of hair, nails, and the outer layer of skin.

What is the role of melanocytes?

Melanocytes are cells in the epidermis that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color.

What is the main function of sweat glands?

Sweat glands help regulate body temperature and eliminate waste through perspiration.

What is the significance of subcutaneous fat?

Subcutaneous fat serves as insulation, energy storage, and provides cushioning for underlying structures.

What causes a blister on the skin?

A blister forms when fluid collects between the epidermis and dermis due to friction, heat, or injury.

What is the lifespan of skin cells?

Skin cells typically have a lifespan of about 28-30 days before being shed and replaced.

What is contact dermatitis?

Contact dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin triggered by direct contact with irritants or allergens.

What role do blood vessels play in the skin?

Blood vessels in the skin help regulate temperature and supply nutrients while removing waste products.

What is psoriasis?

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by rapid skin cell turnover leading to thick, red, scaly patches.

What are skin appendages?

Skin appendages include hair, nails, and glands (sebaceous and sweat) that arise from the epidermis.