Computer Organization Long Q2

tngina mo talaga sir

Abacus

An ancient counting device made of beads strung on rods, the abacus was used for arithmetic calculations. It served as a foundational tool for numerical computation long before modern calculators and computers.

earliest known calculating device

Abacus

mesopotamians

Slide Rule

related to nomograms for application, specific computations

Slide Rule

A mechanical analog device used for multiplication, division, and other mathematical operations by aligning scales that represent logarithmic values.

Slide Rule

Reverend William Oughtred

Leibniz Calculator

A mechanical calculator designed by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz that can perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It uses a series of gears and wheels to manipulate numbers and was one of the earliest devices to implement a binary system.

Leibniz Calculator

Stepped Reckoner

Pascaline

A mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal that performs addition and subtraction. It utilizes a series of gears and dials, and it is considered one of the first calculating machines.

Blaise Pascal

creator of Pascaline

Difference Engine

An early automatic mechanical calculator designed by Charles Babbage to compute and print mathematical tables.

It is able to perform calculations automatically using the method of finite differences, polynomial functions, aiming to eliminate human error in mathematical computations.

Analytical Engine

It was capable of performing any arithmetic operation and was intended to be programmable using punched cards, featuring components like an arithmetic logic unit, control flow through conditional branching and loops, and memory

Atanasoff Berry Computer

first automatic electronic digital computing device

Atanasoff Berry Computer

special-purpose electronic computer designed to solve systems of linear equations using binary numbers and electronic switching components.

Colossus mark 1

used during world war 2

Colossus mark 1

world’s first programmable electronic digital computer

Colossus mark 1

It was designed to break German encrypted messages, specifically those produced by the Lorenz cipher machine used by the German High Command

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer

first large-scale general-purpose electronic digital computer, completed in 1945

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer

It was originally built to calculate artillery firing tables for the U.S. Army during World War II.

1st generation

vacuum tubes

2nd generation

transistors

3rd generation

integrated circuits

4th generation

microprocessors

5th generation

Artificial Intelligence

IBM 701

also known as the Defense Calculator

IBM 701

t was designed primarily for scientific and defense calculations, including military research, weather forecasting, and nuclear research.