Absolutism, Enlightenment and Revolutions

World History Honors

a monarch which is in control of everything

What are absolute rulers?

King Louis XVI, Napoleon, King Phillip II

What three absolute rulers did we learn about.

The beliefs that the monarch authority to rule comes directly from God and is not subject to earthly powers of human limitations

What is divine right?

King Louis XIV

Which king especially believed in the divine right?

to look after nobility and show wealth

The palace of Versailles served what purpose for King Louis XVI?

Louvre Palace

Where was the royal palace before?

King Phillip II

The spanish Armada was led by who?

England

Who did the lose to in a battle?

Russian Ruler (1682-1725)

Who is Peter the Great?

modernized and westernized Russia

How did Peter the Great change Russia?

Sun was the center of the solar system

What was the heliocentric theory?

Nicolas Copernicus

Who started the heliocentric theory?

Galileo

Who later expanded the idea of heliocentric?

to improve society through the application of reason and scientific inquiry, moving away from resilience on tradition, superstition, and religious dogma.

What was the purpose of the Enlightenment?

government is formed through societal agreement where individuals give up some rights in exchange for protection.

What is the Social Contract Theory?

people have the right to overthrow or change it

What would happen if the government failed to protect rights?

natural rights (life, liberty, and property)

John Locke’s main belief:

Separation of powers (executive, legislative, judicial)

Montesquieu’s main belief:

fair punishment (reasonable and only used to prevent crime)

Beccaria’s main belief:

Clergy: Church Officials

What people represented the first estate?

Nobility: Rich Nobles

What people represented the second estate?

Commoners: 80% of Public

What people represented the third estate?

counted for equal justice, freedom, and freedom of speech and religion

What did the Declaration of Rights of Man want?

Showed ordinary women directly influencing the French Revolution

What made the Women’s March to Versailles significant?

Marked the beginning of the French revolution

What made the Tennis Court Oath significant?

symbolic beginning; showed peoples power and willingness to challenge the monarch, leading to the fall of the French monarchy.

What made the Storming of The Bastille significant?

Napoleonic code- established principals like equality before law, property rights, and freedom of religion.

What was Napoleon’s most important accomplishment and why?

promoting ideas of individual rights, equality, and democracy. The enlightenments emphasis on natural rights, popular sovereign, and the separation of powers played a key role on shaping the revolutionary ideals that led to the overthrow of the French Monarch and the establishment of the republic.

How did the enlightenment period affect the French Revolution?

Absolute rule

having “divine right” was used to describe what?

Louis XVI

Who was Frances most powerful leader?

Introduced western ideas and reforms

How did peter the great change russia?

Instiling a belief in the natural rights of man

The enlightenment influenced revolutionary thoughts by…

John Locke

Who believed in the tabula rasa or blank slate?

Beccaria

Who believed in the rights of criminals and punishment?

Montesquieu

Who believed in separating the powers of the gov’t?

Voltaire

Our 1st amendment comes from the belief of which thinker?

Overthrow the government

John Locke believed that if the government failed to protect the natural rights of people they could ___

Social Contract

The willingness to hand over the rights to a ruler in exchange for order was…

Overthrow the government

Coup d’etat means…

Forced the king and queen to move away

What made the Women’s March Significant?

Creating the Napoleonic Code

One of Napoleons greatest accomplishments were…

Spent large amounts of money on lavish clothing

Why did French Citizens not like Marie Antoinette?

Creating the first encyclopedia

Denis Diderot was known for what?