Resisting cell death
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4 Terms
Describe p53.
- Acts as a brake for the cell cycle if DNA damage is detected.
- Can increase the expression of genes involved in DNA repair pathways.
- Can induce apoptosis of cells is damage is too great.
How is p53 activated?
- DNA damage
- Cell cycle abnormalities
- Low oxygen (hypoxia)
How can mutation affect p53?
- Cannot induce apoptosis in cells regardless of how much damage or mutation DNA has experienced.
- This leads to accumulation of mutations and eventually tumorigenesis.
- Therefore Genomic Instability
How does p53 induce apoptosis?
- It initially inhibits BCL-2 which is a pro-survival protein.
- It then activates BAX causing mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation (MOMP) and release of cytochrome C into the cytosol.
- Cytochrome C triggers caspase-3 activation through formation of the cytochrome c/Apaf-1/caspase-9 containing apoptosome complex that dismantles the cell.
