oral path 3 definitions

Dissolution of the intercellular bridges of the prickle cell layer of the epithelium

Acantholysis

an immune response to a foreign substance based on the specific memory of a past exposure to that same foreign substance

acquired immune response

a type of immunity based on antibodies developed in response to an antigen which includes both natural and acquired types

active immunity

the agents that can be added to a vaccine to modify the immune response

adjuvants

An antigen that produces a hypersensitivity or allergic reaction

allergen

Hypersensitivity acquired through exposure to a particular allergen that elicits an exaggerated reaction on reexposure to the same allergen

allergy

a severe immediate type of hypersensitivity in which an exaggerated immunologic reaction occurs on reexposure to a foreign protein or other substance after sensitization resulting in not only hives itching and swelling by also vascular collapse and shock as well as death

anaphylaxis

A protein molecule or immunoglobulin that is secreted by plasma cells and reacts with a specific antigen

Antibody

the level of antibody in the blood that can be measured by a diagnostic laboratory test

antibody titer

Any substance able to induce a specific immune response

antigen

The ability to reduce the virulence of a pathogenic microorganism but still keep it viable as is done in the development of certain vaccines

attenuated

An antibody that reacts against a tissue constituent of ones own bodh

autoantibody

An immunopathologic condition characterized by tissue trauma caused by an immune response against tissue constituents of one's own body

autoimmune disease

A type of lymphocyte that develops in lymphoid tissue other than the thymus and that can layer differentiate into a plasma cell that produces antibody the main initiator of humoral immunity

B cell lymphocyte

Type of immunity in which the major role is played by T-cell lymphocytes.

cell-mediated immunity

A category of autoimmune diseases with connective tissue as the primary target of pathology

connective tissue diseases

The proteins produced by various cell types for the purpose of intercellular communication or signaling

cytokines

A type of hypersensitivity reaction that takes time to develop after T cell lymphocytes are previously introduced to an antigen to either directly cause damage to the tissue cells or recruit other cells that cause the damage

delayed hypersensitivity

A type of white blood cell that acts as an antigen presenting cell in the skin and mucosa

dendritic cell

An alteration in taste

Dysgeusia

A type of immunity in which both the B cell lymphocytes and the antibodies they produce as plasma cells play a predominant role

humoral immunity

An altered state of reactivity in which the body reacts to a forge in agent such as an allergen with an exaggerated immune response

Hypersensitivity

Decreased salivary flow that may result in xerostomia

hyposalivation

The combination of an antibody and antigen producing a complex ghat can initiate a hypersensitivity or allergic reaction

immune complex

An induction of active immunity, such as when the pathogenic microorganism used to induce active immunity is encountered after vaccination.

immunization

A type of immunopathologic condition that involves a compromised or entirely absent immune system involving its white blood cells and their products

immunodeficiency

The proteins that when secreted by plasma cells serve as antibodies designed to respond to a specific antigen

immunoglobulins

A substance that alters the immune response by augmenting or reducing the ability of the immune system to produce antibodies or sensitized cells that recognize and react with the antigen that initiated their production

immunomodulator

A family of glycoproteins that have immunoregulatory, antineoplastic, and antiviral activity; it is one of the cytokines

interferon

Specialized dendritic cell, found in the skin and mucosa, that is involved in the immune response.

Langerhans cell

Mature neutrophil with a phagocytize spherical inclusion derived from another neutrophil

LE cell

The whit blood cells involved in the immune response that have three major subsets

lymphocytes

Tissue composed of lymphocytes supported by a meshwork of connective tissue

lymphoid tissue

the subset of cytokines produced by B-cell or T-cell lymphocytes in contact with antigens that serve as biochemical mediators in an immune response

lymphokines

Large tissue-bound mononuclear phagocyte derived from monocytes circulating in the blood, which can become mobile when stimulated by inflammation and interact with lymphocytes in an immune response.

macrophage

The subset of cytokines primarily produced by monocytes or macrophages that serve as biochemical mediators in an immune response

monokines

The inflammation of a mucosal tissue due to a disease process

mucositis

Type of lymphocyte that is part of the initial innate immune response which by unknown mechanisms is able to directly destroy cells recognized as foreign

natural killer cell

Diagnostic sign whereby the superficial epithelium separates easily from the basal layer on exertion of firm sliding manual pressure with the fingers or a tongue blade

Nikolsky sign

Type of immunity that uses antibodies produced by another person to protect an individual against infectious disease which includes both natural and acquired

passive immunity

Cell derived from B-cell lymphocytes that produces antibodies in response to the presence of antigen.

plasma cell

The symptom of severe itching due to a disease process, possibly a hypersensitivity reaction or allergy

pruritus

Antibody that binds to certain antibodies found in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and connective tissue diseases

rheumatoid factor

A test that measures lacrimal gland flow by placing special filter paper strips inside the lower eyelid for 5 minutes

Schirmer test

A classic example of type 3 hypersensitivity that involves a drug allergy to antitoxin serum from horses

Serum sickness

Group of signs and symptoms that occur together

syndrome

Fibrous adhesion between the eyeball and conjunctiva

symblepharon

A lymphocyte that matures in the thymus and is mainly responsible for initiation cell mediated immunity as well as modulating humoral immunity

T cell lymphocytes

Organ consisting of lymphoid tissue located high in the chest, which is large in an infant and gradually shrinks in size in adulthood; site of T-cell lymphocyte maturation.

thymus

Dryness of the mucous membranes including the oral cavity usually caused by hyposalivation or decreased salivary flow

xerostomia

What are the three main types of lymphocytes

B cells, T cells, natural killer cells

Lymphocytes constitute _____ to ____ of the white blood cell population

20%

25%

Develops from a hematopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow and then resides and matures in the lymphoid tissue

B cell lymphocytes

What happens when an antigen stimulates a B cell

B cell travels to the site of injury

What are the two main types of B cells that develop when stimulated by an antigen are the

B memory cell and plasma cell

What are the five different general types of immunoglobulin

IgA

IgD

IgE

IgG

IgM

What are the different types of T cells

T-helper cells,

T-suppressor cells,

t-cytotoxic cells,

t-memory cells

which T cell increases the functioning of the B cell enhancing the antibody response produced by the plasma cell

T helper cell

Which T cell carries the CD8 cell receptor as well as other markets on its surface and suppresses the functioning of the B cell

T suppressor cell

Which T cell also carries the CD8 cell receptor but it is active in surveillance against virally infected cells and neoplasticism cells directly attacking these cells

T cytotoxic cell

produced by the cells of the immune system and play a prominent role in the activation of the immune response

cytokines

What are the 2 major divisions of the immune response are

humoral immunity

cell mediated immunity

occurs when antibodies from a mother pass through the placenta to the developing fetus

natural passive immunity

consist of heat or chemical treated microorganisms or toxins

killer type vaccines

are composed of critical antigenic determinants from cloned bacteria yeast or synthetic peptides that are developed with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques

Molecular vaccines

helps defend the body against disease producing antigens

immune response

study of diseases caused by the malfunctioning of the immune system

immunopathology

comprises the same basic types of reactions that occur when the immune response is fighting microorganisms and protecting the body against disease

hypersensitivity or allergy

reaction that occurs immediately within minutes after exposure to a previously encountered allergen in this case such as pollen latex or penicillin

Type 1 sensitivity or anaphylactic type

antibody combines with an antigen that is bound to the surface of tissue cells usually circulating red blood cell

type 2 hypersensitivity or cytotoxic type

is marked by the formation of immune complexes between microorganisms and antibody in the circulating blood

type 3 hypersensitivity or immune complex tyoe

involves a cell mediated immune response rather than a humoral response that produces antibodies

type 4 hypersensitivity or cell mediated type

present at birth

congenital

developed after birth

acquired

canker sores

painful type of oral ulcers for which the cause remains unclear

recurrent apthous ulcers

what is one of the most common oral lesions

aphthous ulcers

what are the three forms of recurrent aphthous ulcers

minor

major

herpetiform

-most commonly occurring type affecting about 80% of patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers

-appear punched out round to oval

-more common in the anterior than posterior

-1-2 days

-heal 7-10 days

-large as 1 cm in diameter

minor aphthous ulcers

-also known as sutton disease and periadenitis mucosa necrotica

-occur in posterior part of the mouth

-take several weeks to heal

-occur in patients with HIV infections bechet syndrome crohn disease and reactive arthritis

major aphthous ulcers

-smallest at 1 to 2 mm and the least common type