Inorganic Chemistry

PRELIM

Chemistry

Chemistry the study of matter, its composition,properties, and transformations.

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up volume.

Solid

•has a definite volume

•maintains its shape regardless of its container

•has particles that lie close together in a regular three-dimensional array

Liquid

•has definite volume

•takes the shape of its container

•has particles that are close together but can move past one another.

Gas

•has no definite shape or volume

•expands to fill the volume and assumes the shape of whatever container it is put in.

•has particles that are very far apart and move around randomly.

Physical properties

can be observed or measured

without changing the composition of the material. Ex: Boiling Point

- alters the material without changing

its composition.

Ex. Melting Ice (Solid) → Boiling Water (Liquid)  → Steam (Gas)

Physical change

substance can be converted into another substance.

Chemical properties:

chemical reaction that converts one substance into another.

Ex: Oxygen + Hydrogen = Water

Chemical change

•composed of a single component

•has a constant composition, regardless of sample

size and origin of sample

•cannot be broken down to other pure substances by a physical change

Pure substance

•composed of more than one component

•can have varying composition (any combination of solid, liquid, and gas)

•can be separated into its components by a physical change

Ex: Sugar dissolves in water

Mixture

- pure substance that

cannot be broken down

by a chemical change.

Element

 pure substance formed

by chemically joining

two or more elements.

Compound

• all the digits in a measured

number including one estimated digit.

• All nonzero digits are always significant.

Significant figures