molecuar and electron geometry

Linear (sp)

EG linear- none polar

Trigonal planaer (sp2)

EG trigonal planar - polar or non-polar if all three bonded atoms are same,

MG- Bent 1 lone pair-polar

Tetrahedral (Sp3)

-EG tetrahedral non polar if atoms surrounding are the same.

MG- Trigonal pyramid 1 lone pair, polar

MG-bent 2 lone pair, polar

Trigonal bipyramidal sp3d

EG trigonal bipyramidal - non-polar if all five bonded atoms are the same.

MG- Seesaw 1 lone pair, polar

MG- T-shaped 2 lone pairs, polar;

MG- Linear 3 lone pairs, non-polar.

Octahedral (sp3d2)

EG-Octahedral

MG-square pyramid 1 lone pair, always polar

MG-square planar, 2 lone pair , none polar is all six bonded atoms are same

MG-T-shape 2 lone pair, polar

MG-linear 3lone pairs, np

Common bond energies

c-c=360

C-H

414

C-0

360

C=O

736

O-O

142

N-N

163

N=N

418

H-H

436

H-I

297

H-CL

431

H-F

565

BOND ORDER

more bond=more energy and stronger

single bond

longer and weak

triple bond

shorter and strong

More electrongetaive

pulls electrons closer making its bonds shorter

polarity

0-pure covalen

<0.5, non polar

0.5-2.0 polar

>2.0 ionic

Dissociate

means break

dissolve

means doesnt break

Cis isomer

alike

trans isomer

different

formal chagre

= valency-non boding electrons-bonding electrons/2

lone pair

=group of central atoms- valency

none polar in linear and square planar

-all atoms around central atom is same

no lone pair in central atom

hydrocarbons

always none polar

electronegativity above 0.5

polar

diatomics

non polar- h2,n2,o2

diatomic

only have dispersion force

Soluble compounds

Li

Na

K

NH4+

NO3-

C2H302-

Insolube

Cl-,Br-,I- if paired with AG,Hg2+,Pb2+

SO4 2-, if paired with sr2+,Ba2+,pb2+,ag+,Ca2+

neutralization

liquid is always product

perticipate

solid is always product